铸造作业工人死因分析  

Mortality Analysis of Foundry Workers

作　　者：张敏[1] 陈静[1] 马常青 冯一云 

机构地区：[1]湖北东风汽车公司卫生防病中心,十堰市442000 [2]东风公司铸造一厂,十堰市442000

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2000年第3期157-160,共4页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：通过 17年回顾性队列研究和潜在寿命损失年 (PYLL)分析 ,对铸造作业工人死因进行了探讨。结果表明 ,铸造作业工人以“清理工”的人年死亡率为最高 ,RR值为 2 5 (P <0 0 1) ,其次是熔化、造型和配砂 ,RR值分别为 2 2 1(P <0 0 1) ,2 13 (P <0 0 1)和 1 85 (P <0 0 5 )。观察组人年死亡率显著高于对照组 ,AR值随铸造工龄增加而升高。疾病别死亡专率分析显示 ,观察组心脏病人年死亡率显著高于对照组 ,工龄大于 2 0年和 15～ 2 0年组RR值分别是 5 96 (P <0 0 1)和 5 16 (P <0 0 1) ;肺恶性肿瘤死亡率是对照组的 3 97倍 (P <0 0 1)。PYLL结果表明 ,死因寿命损失高峰为 35～ 40岁和 5 0～ 5 5岁 ,死因别PYLL以恶性肿瘤为首位 (72 9 5 ) ,其次是意外死亡 (6 5 4 5 )、心脏病 (2 71)和工伤 (172 )等。除恶性肿瘤和意外死亡之外 ,在两个死亡年龄高峰中 ,肝脏病是影响铸造职工“早死”的前五位原因。A retrospective cohort study and PYLL analysis were conducted to evaluate the death cause of foundry workers.The results showed that the highest relative risk occurred in shake out and finishing workers,RR=2 50(P<0 01).The RRs of pouring,molding and sand preparation were also statistically significant,RRs=2 21(P<0 01),2 13(P<0 01) and 1 85(P<0 05),respectively.The mortality rate of foundry workers was significantly higher than that of controls,and increased with the increase of the working age.When all death causes were analyzed,there was a significant increase of death risk from heart diseases including hypertension and cerebrovascular diseases,the RRs of working age >20 years,ranged from 15 to 20 years was 5 96(P<0 01),5 16(P<0 01),respectively.PYLL analysis results showed that the first early death cause among foundry workers was malignant tumor(729 5) followed by accident death(654 5),heart diseases(271)and injuries(172).The peak death age occurred in 35～ years and 50～ years.Liver diseases were the top fifth early death cause in two age death peaks besides malignant tumor and accident death.

关 键 词：队列研究 铸造作业工人 PYLL 死亡原因 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]