不同耕作方式和施肥处理对冬水田土温、水稻生长和产量的影响  

Effect of Different Tillage Practices and Fertilizer Treatments on Soil Temperature,Rice Growth and Yield under All-time Waterlogged Conditions

作　　者：陈琨[1] 秦鱼生[1] 喻华[1] 冯文强[1] 高原 涂仕华[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,四川成都610066 [2]崇州市农村发展局,四川崇州611230

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2012年第5期1738-1741,共4页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目-西南梯田冷泥田改良与产量提升技术研究与示范(201003016)

摘　　要：前期低温和养分有效性差、中后期土壤氧化还原电位低和还原物质含量高被认为是影响冬水田水稻高产的主要限制因子。本研究采取不同耕作方式与肥料运筹,分析了田间试验条件下不同处理对冬水田稻区土壤温度、水稻分蘖动态及产量的影响。结果表明,前期土温低主要在5 cm以下土层,即水稻主要扎根层。由于2011年气候反常,优化施肥仅比对照增产1.1%,差异不明显。在两种增温措施中,厢式耕作+覆膜+优化施肥处理对水稻生长前期土壤增温效果显著,能有效促进水稻分蘖,但产量比习惯耕作+习惯施肥减产1.71%;厢式耕作+优化施肥处理对提高土壤增温作用尽管不如覆膜处理,但产量最佳,达每公顷8529.30 kg,较习惯耕作+习惯施肥增产2.71%。Low temperatures and low nutrient availability in early season,low Eh values and high content of reduced materials in the soil in the mid and late growing periods of paddy rice are considered as the major limiting factors for high yield rice production in the all-time waterlogged conditions.The field experiment was conducted to investigate impacts of different cultivation methods and fertilizer treatments on soil temperatures,growth and yield of paddy rice.The results showed that low soil temperature mainly occurred below 5 cm layer where rice seedlings grow its roots.There was no obvious difference between the yield of the farmer＇s practice and the enhanced fertilizer treatment duing to the abnormal weather occurred during rice growing season in 2011.Though the treatment of bed cultivation ＋ enhanced fertilizers ＋ plastic film effectively increased rice tillers,the grain yield was decreased by 1.71% compared with the farmers＇ practice.The treatment of bed cultivation ＋ enhanced fertilizers generated slightly less tillers than the treatment of the bed cultivation ＋ enhanced fertilizers ＋ plastic film mulch,but grain yield was up to 8523 kg/hm2 and the yield was increased by 2.71 % than that of the farmers＇ practice.

关 键 词：水稻 土壤温度 分蘖动态 产量 

分 类 号：S-03[农业科学]