开心树形叶幕结构对苹果园地面太阳辐射的影响  

Influence of the Center-open Apple Canopy on Solar Transmission in the Orchard

作　　者：牛自勉[1] 蔚露[1] 张文和 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心,山西太原030031 [2]北京昌平中日友好果园,北京102200

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2012年第11期1164-1168,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省科技攻关项目(20120311017-1);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2009-9-95)

摘　　要：以小冠开心形和小冠分层形苹果树为试材,进行了不同处理地面太阳辐射光谱变化以及对叶幕太阳辐射影响的研究。结果表明,(1)受树形处理的影响,地面太阳辐射光谱和强度均发生了明显变化。其中,紫外光(U,300～380 nm)、光合有效辐射(PAR,400～700 nm)和红外/远红外(R/FR,780～1 010 nm)到达果园地面的比率分别为35.73%,13.35%和28.88%。从果园地面外侧(0 cm)到主干(120 cm),太阳辐射光谱中PAR强度依次递减,而U,R/FR辐射的强度依次递增。(2)受果园地面太阳辐射变化的影响,果园地面辐射与叶幕辐射之间、地面辐射与叶幕反射辐射之间、叶幕辐射与叶幕反射辐射之间均呈显著相关关系,同时开心形处理地面全波辐射和PAR均提高,其迎光面地面平均太阳辐射和PAR分别达到了29.7%和25.3%,同时地面及叶幕反射光谱中PAR的平均比例分别比对照提高了74.9%和71.0%。A field experiment was conducted to determine the influence of canopy shape of apple tree on solar transmission.Compared to the top-closed canopy,center-open canopy significantly increased solar transmission to the orchard ground.The transmittance for UV light,photosynthetic active radiation flux（PAR）,and infra red and far infra red light（R/FR） was 35.73%,13.35% and 28.88%,respectively.In a shading area under the canopy from the outer edge to the trunk in a distance of 120 cm,the PAR decreased gradually,while the UV or R/FR increased gradually.There was a positive relationship between the intensity of ground reflection and the intensity of either transmission or reflection from the canopy,and relationship between the transmittance and the intensity of reflection from the canopy was also positive.In a direction toward the sun,total solar transmittance and PAR transmittance in the center-open canopy treatment reached 29.7% and 25.3%,respectively.Proportion of PAR in the reflection from ground and canopy increased 71.9% and 71.0%,respectively,in the center-open canopy compared to those in the closed canopy.

关 键 词：苹果 开心树形 地面太阳辐射 光合有效辐射 光谱 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]