甘肃省大学生乙型病毒性肝炎干预措施与效果评价  

The Intervention Measures and Evaluation on Hepatitis B in Undergraduates of Gansu Province

作　　者：王平贵[1] 高丽[1] 唐宇[1] 王旭霞[1] 安婧[1] 张宁静[1] 邓琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心,兰州730000

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2012年第5期456-460,共5页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

基　　金：中国肝炎防治基金会;国际扶轮3450区(港;澳;蒙);香港择善基金会大学生乙型病毒性肝炎健康教育和疫苗接种项目资助

摘　　要：目的评价甘肃省大学生乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(Hepatitis B Vaccine,HepB)接种和乙肝健康教育项目效果。方法在项目实施前、后,采用分层多阶段随机抽样的方法,在甘肃省46所高校中进行问卷调查,调查在校大学生乙肝预防知识及对乙肝的态度。项目实施后快速评估HepB接种率,并进行抗乙肝病毒表面抗原抗体[Antibody to Hepatitis B Virus(HBV)Surface Antigen,Anti-HBs]检测。结果通过项目的实施,大学生对乙肝主要传播途径的知晓率从31.35%提高到83.07%;对乙肝最有效预防措施的知晓率从85.05%提高到98.78%;对慢性乙肝患者是否可以发展为肝硬化、肝细胞癌的知晓率从68.20%提高到95.19%;对HBV携带者能否结婚的回答正确率从68.75%提高到了96.35%;当在校大学生"得知身边的同学是HBV携带者以后",选择"不影响两人交往"的学生,从基线调查时的18.42%增加到40.90%;认为"不介意与HBV携带者共同进餐"的大学生,从基线调查时的29.27%增加到74.13%。大学生HepB全程接种率从项目前的14.72%提升到94.16%,终期评估检测大学生Anti-HBs阳性率为88.65%。结论通过项目的实施,在校大学生预防乙肝基本知识的知晓率有了显著提高,降低了大学生对HBV携带者的歧视心理。同时,大学生HepB全程接种率显著提高。Objective To evaluate the project of hepatitis B vaccine（HepB） inoculation and health education in undergraduates of Gansu province. Methods The questionnaire survey of awareness rates and attitude about hepatitis B was conducted before and after implementation the project in Gansu province. Multiple stratified cluster sampling method was used in the survey. The immunization coverage rate of HepB was investigated and the positive rate of [antibody to hepatitis B virus（HBV） surface antigen, Anti-HBs] was detected after conducting the project. Results By implemented the project, the awareness rate of transmission way of hepatitis B was improved from 31.35% to 83.07%, the best prevention measures for hepatitis B was increased from 85.05% to 98.78%, if chronic hepatitis B can develop into liver cirrhosis or liver cancer was increased from 68.20% to 95.19%, whether chronic hepatitis B patients can get married was enhanced from 68.75% to 96.35%. When the students learned about their classmates were HBV carrier, the number of students believed that it will not influence theirs relationship raised from 18.42% to 40.90%. And the number of students consider that they do not mind eating together with HBV carriers was increased from 29.27% to 74.13%. The HBV vaccines full-course coverage rates of the students were improved from 14.72% to 94.16% compared with baseline survey. The positive rate of Anti-HBs of the undergraduates was 88.65% after implementing the project. Conclusion Through implementation the project, the awareness of undergraduates about hepatitis B were obviously improved. And the discrimination against HBV carrier of undergraduates decreased. The HepB full-course coverage rates of the students were significantly increased.

关 键 词：大学生 乙型病毒性肝炎 干预措施 效果 

分 类 号：R512.62[医药卫生—内科学] R186[医药卫生—临床医学]