毛蕊三角车种群生物学特性及濒危原因分析  

Study on Biological Characteristics of Endangered Plant Rinorea erianthera(Violaceae)

作　　者：郭淑萍[1] 杜凡[1] 汪健[1] 冷天鑫[1] 刘川宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2012年第5期50-56,共7页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：云南省重点学科野生动植物保护与利用资助(XKZ200904)

摘　　要：2010～2011年在濒危植物毛蕊三角车的主要分布地金沙江支流普渡河区域进行4次野外调查,结果表明,毛蕊三角车在该区域现存数量约150株,能正常开花结实,结实率为50.6%;花期4～11月,果期6～11月;种子表面平滑,单粒重0.015 2 g,以重力方式传播为主,传播距离在1 m范围内;毛蕊三角车实生苗稀少,主要以根蘖方式繁殖。濒危原因分析表明,古南大陆的残余性质,是毛蕊三角车现代分布区孤立狭窄的重要原因;而严重的人为干扰使其生存环境旱生化,以及生境的大量丧失,是造成毛蕊三角车濒危的主要外因;同时,植株开花结实量少,种子少,胚珠-种子转化率低于60%,以及种子散布方式的局限性是导致其居群孤立、濒危的内在原因。Rinorea erianthera is a deciduous shrub of Violaceae,which is mainly distributed in downstream of Jinsha river,and has been identified as critically endangered（CR） species by the China Species Red List.However,there is almost no reference study on it so far.In 2008,a new distribution of this species was reported in the dry-hot valley of Pudu River,which belongs to the 1st level branches of Jinsha River.Since 2010,four surveys in the region have been made and the results show that there are ca.150 strains（cluster） of R.erianthera in the region,and they could normally blossom and bear fruits,and seed setting rate is 50.6 %.Fl.Apr-Nov,fr.Jun-Nov.Seeds smooth on surface,weight of single seeds was 0.0152 g.This species mainly spread through gravitation within a distance of 1 m in circle.Seedlings of R.erianthera are seldom and breeding is mainly by root suckers.Analysis leads to conclusions as following.The property of Gondwanaland flora is the background factor that cause it distributed isolated and narrow.Drier existence environment resulted by serious human disturbance and large loss of habitat are the major extrinsic factors that cause R.erianthera being endangered.Meanwhile,the small quantity of blooming and bearing,few seeds,60% in conversion of ovule-seed,and spreading through gravitation are the intrinsic factors that cause it populations isolated and being endangered.Further studies on its pollination,seed germination,and genetic diversity of conservation biology are needed.

关 键 词：濒危植物 毛蕊三角车 种群 生物学特性 

分 类 号：Q949.759.2[生物学—植物学]