木蹄层孔菌不同居群间生长特性、木质素降解酶与SRAP标记遗传多样性  

Growth characteristics,lignin degradation enzyme and genetic diversity of Fomes fomentarius by SRAP marker among populations

作　　者：曹宇[1] 徐晔[1] 王秋玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学生命科学学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第22期7061-7071,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：黑龙江省科技攻关重大项目(GA06B301)

摘　　要：以帽儿山、长白山、凉水、本溪木蹄层孔菌(Fomes fomentarius)4个居群为研究对象,采用菌丝长度测量法比较4个地点木蹄层孔菌菌株在PDA固体培养基上的生长速度,采用菌丝体干重法比较4个地点木蹄层孔菌菌株在PDA液体培养基中生物量的变化,结果显示木蹄层孔菌在23℃下生长速度显著高于28℃,说明木蹄层孔菌的生长对温度较敏感,23℃更适合木蹄层孔菌的生长。在同一温度下培养,4个地点的木蹄层孔菌生长速度无显著差异。通过比色法检测4个地点的木蹄层孔菌木质素降解相关酶(木质素过氧化物酶,锰过氧化物酶,漆酶)活性差异,结果显示同一种酶酶活性在4个地点间没有显著差异;在不同培养基上培养时,3种酶在PDA培养基上的活性均显著高于完全培养基。同时,采用序列相关扩增多态性(Sequence-related amplified polymorphism,SRAP)技术初探了木蹄层孔菌4个居群的遗传多样性和遗传分化,结果表明木蹄层孔菌4个居群中多态位点比率最高的是本溪,其次是帽儿山和凉水,而长白山最低;AMOVA分析结果显示,居群间的遗传分化为24.74%,居群内的遗传分化为75.26%,木蹄层孔菌的遗传分化主要发生在居群内部。根据Nei's遗传距离对木蹄层孔菌4个居群进行UPGMA聚类分析,结果显示帽儿山和本溪居群最先聚类,其次聚类的是长白山居群,最后是凉水居群。The four populations of Fomes fomentarius from Maoer Mountain,Changbai Mountain,Liangshui and Benxi were studied.The growth rates of F.fomentarius from four locations were compared by measuring the hypha growth in the PDA plate at 23℃ and 28℃,as well as the biomass by means of the mycelium dry weight in the PDA liquid medium at 23℃.The results displayed that the average growth rate of the fungi from four locations was 0.9cm/d at 23 ℃,and 0.64cm /d at 28 ℃.The growth rate of F.fomentarius at 23℃ was notably faster than that at 28℃ in the PDA plate,which indicated that the growth of this fungal species was sensitive to the temperature,for that 23℃ was more appropriate.F.fomentarius from different locations had no significant difference in growth rate at the same incubation temperature.So did the biomass of the fungi.The activities of three main lignin degradation enzymes（laccase,lignin peroxidase,manganese peroxidase） produced by F.fomentarius were detected by colorimetry.The results showed that the activity of three lignin enzymes produced by F.fomentarius increased gradually during 12 day incubation.There was significant differences in the enzyme activities cultured in different media,in which the activity of three enzymes in the PDA medium were significantly higher than that in complete medium.And also the activity of laccase was in the highest,manganese peroxidase in the second and lignin peroxidase in the lowest.The activity of the same enzyme from different locations had no significant differences.The sequence-related amplified polymorphism（SRAP） was used to evaluate genetic diversity and genetic differentiation among four populations of F.fomentarius.The results showed that Benxi population had the highest genetic diversity among the four populations,followed by Maoer Mountain and Liangshui,Changbai Mountain was the lowest.AMOVA analysis revealed that the genetic differentiation was 24.74% among populations,and 75.26% within population,that meant the genetic differentiation of F.fomen

关 键 词：白腐菌 木质素过氧化物酶 锰过氧化物酶 漆酶 分子标记 遗传分化 

分 类 号：S763.2[农业科学—森林保护学]