基于生境等价分析法的胶州湾围填海造地生态损害评估  

Ecological damage assessment of jiaozhou bay reclamation based on habitat equivalency analysis

作　　者：李京梅[1] 刘铁鹰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学经济学院,青岛266100

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第22期7146-7155,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(12BJY064);教育部基地重大项目(2012JDPY03);山东省软科学研究计划项目(2010RKGA1066)

摘　　要：围填海造地的生态损害是指围填海造地所引致的海洋生态系统服务功能的下降,包括生物资源消失、生态调节功能减弱以及生物栖息地破坏等。针对胶州湾围填海造地规模及其生态影响,使用生境等价分析法,对围填海造地的资源和生态服务功能的受损程度和补偿规模进行了评估。结果表明,1988—2005年胶州湾填海造地的资源生态受损程度为41.33%,以退田还海作为修复工程,修复期为8a,在5%的折现率水平下,修复工程的规模应为22.47 km2,才能使被填海域的生态服务功能恢复到初始水平。这一结论可作为地方政府对胶州湾围填海造地实施生态修复建设和生态补偿管理的技术依据。Assessing the extent of habitat damage resulting from sea reclamation could help policy makers meet the necessary requirements for developing policies on marine ecological damage compensation and ecological restoration.Recently in China,increasing research has been conducted to monetize the ecological damage resulting from reclamation by using revealed and expressed preference techniques,such as travel cost and contingent valuation methods（CVM）.The results provide new approaches to quantify ecological impacts,as well as socially and economically based management suggestions to inform policy makers.But the use of CVM,or other revealed preference techniques,for estimating non-use values remains controversial because these techniques tend to overstate actual losses.Habitat Equivalency Analysis（HEA） is a tool for assessing natural resource damage,and has been used in the United States and Europe to identify replacement habitats for a number of coastal habitats injured through oil spills,hazardous substance release,vessel groundings and other anthropogenic actions.Termed ＂service-to-service＂,this habitat-based approach seeks to determine the amount of restoration needed to compensate for natural resource losses.HEA is specifically used to find replacement habitats that can provide ecologically equivalent services to those that are lost from the damaged habitat.Jiaozhou Bay,a semi-enclosed bay supporting the coastal city of Qingdao,is undergoing rapid industrialization and urbanization,and facing huge pressure from reclamation to expand its usable space.Data from previous research shows that during 1958—2006,the Jiaozhou Bay′s sea area was reduced by 33%,mainly as a result of reclamation.Focusing on the scale of reclamation of Jiaozhou Bay,and its ecological impact during 1988—2005,this paper assesses ecological damage using the HEA method.The results show that approximately 35 km^2 of Jiaozhou Bay has been reclaimed.The total damage to ecosystem services during 1988—2005 was 41.33%,which represente

关 键 词：围填海造地 生境等价分析法 生态损害评估 生态修复 

分 类 号：X820.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]