三江源地区太阳能资源区划及利用潜力研究  

The Utilization Potential and Division of Solar Energy Resources across "Three-River-Source"

作　　者：颜亮东[1,2] 周秉荣[1,2] 李晓东[1,2] 李甫[1,2] 张娟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]青海省气象科学研究所,西宁810001 [2]青海省防灾减灾重点实验室,西宁810001

出　　处：《资源科学》2012年第11期2057-2066,共10页Resources Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(编号:2009BAC61B04);青海省科技厅科技能力建设计划项目(编号:2009-J-707)

摘　　要：利用三江源地区18个气象台站1961年以来观测的日、旬、月和年气温、日照时数、日照百分率以及玉树站观测的太阳辐射资料,根据气候学原理,在充分考虑天文辐射、大气透明系数,日照百分率等影响太阳辐射因子的基础上,计算出三江源地区的太阳能资源,然后以年太阳总辐射量作为一级(主导)区划指标,以日平均气温稳定通过0℃(日最高气温达10～15℃)以上期间的日数(利用佳期)作为二级区域指标进行分区,对三江源地区9个不同类型的太阳能资源区进行分区评述,同时计算了三江源地区粮食光合生产潜力和气候生产潜力,结果表明农作物生长期光合生产潜力为26846.4kg/hm2;光温生产潜力为11812.4kg/hm2;气候生产潜力为9449.9kg/hm2,与1997年-2006年实际年平均粮食产量3327.0kg/hm2相比;只占气候生产潜力的35%,说明三江源地区粮食生产潜力的提升空间还很大,最后得出:三江源地区由于太阳能资源丰富、土地利用条件优越、电网容量与架构理想、电价水平较低、交通设施便利、光伏产业链完整、太阳能利用市场和国家政策扶持力度较大等优越条件而开发利用潜力巨大。Sanjiangyuan（the source of the three rivers region） is located on the Central Tibetan Plateau and south of Qinghai province.It is the source collection area for the Yangtze,Yellow and Lancang Rivers.With global warming,glacier and snow are declining and this will directly influence the water dynamics of lakes and wetlands across the Tibetan Plateau.The ecological environment of this region is fragile and most lakes and wetlands have reduced flows or are dry,marshlands have disappeared and peat lands are drying and bare.Issues on the Plateau are intensifying drought and flood disasters in the middle and lower reaches of the three rivers.As a consequence the development of industry and agriculture has been seriously restricted,there is now a direct threat to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River basin,and ecological security in Southeast Asia is compromised.This study was based on the daily temperature,ten day temperature,monthly temperature,annual temperature,sunshine hours,and sunshine percentage at Sanjiangyuan.Further,solar radiation at the Yushu meteorological station was used to calculate solar energy resources and consider the astronomical radiation,transparence coefficient of atmosphere,sunshine percentage and other effects on solar radiation in the region.In order to exploit solar energy resources at Sanjiangyuan,the solar energy division is made by second-level indexes and the photosynthetic productive potential and the climatic potential productivity of grain were calculated.The first-level index was the global radiation value;the second-level index was the distribution pattern of the maximum and minimum months with the day numbers of mean daily temperature increasing steadily to above 0℃.We found the photosynthetic productive potential of crops is 26846.4 kg/hm2;light and temperature potential is 11812.4 kg/hm2;climatic potential productivity is 9449.9kg/hm2;practical annual average grain production from 1997-2006 is 3327 kg/hm2,which compared with the climatic potential productivity account for

关 键 词：三江源地区 太阳能资源 区划 利用潜力 

分 类 号：TK51[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]