三江源移民安置区太阳能资源开发利用环境效益评估——以贵南县为例  

Evaluation of the Environmental Benefits from the Development and Utilization of Solar Energy Resources in Resettlement Areas of "Three-River-Source"

作　　者：张永勋[1] 闵庆文[2] 赵贵根[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学院,福州350007 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《资源科学》2012年第11期2067-2073,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(编号:2009BAC61B04);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所"一三五"战略科技计划项目(编号:2012ZD007)

摘　　要：三江源地区由于发展落后,当地农户仍以畜粪等生物质能源为主要燃料,破坏了当地脆弱的草地生态系统的物质循环,造成生态系统恶化。为缓解能源和环境问题,政府向当地农户推广使用太阳能设备。本文采用入户调查与统计资料分析相结合的办法,查明当地农户太阳能使用现状,并预测农户太阳能开发利用潜力。在此基础上,评价太阳能资源的开发利用对生态系统服务功能价值的影响。结果显示:①贵南县农户目前使用的太阳能设备每年可产生99717500MJ的能量,相当于191107.8hm2草地承载的牦牛产生的干牛粪的能量。如果使牛粪自然还草,可使草地生态系统服务功能价值提高12.5759亿元人民币;②如果太阳能资源全面开发利用,每年可以节省113380t标准煤,相当于6368309hm2草地承载的牦牛每年产生的干牛粪能量。如果这些牛粪全部还草,可以使草地生态系统服务功能价值提高419.0686亿元人民币。Sanjiangyuan area is the most important ecological-adjustment area in China,but also the most fragile.It plays a pivotal role in China water resource safety,eco-safety,and national solidarity;however,the area also has the lowest economic development levels in China.Biomass energy,such as that from cattle dung,is used by local households as the main source of fuel and as a consequence fragile alpine meadow ecosystems in the area are being destroyed.Local households have been advised to use solar energy devices provided free by the government.Household surveys were done to ascertain current solar energy utilization and evaluate the development and potential utilization of solar energy.Emergy produced by solar energy equipment in all peasant households in Guinan County was calculated based on the number of solar energy devices being used and the number potentially used.We found that solar energy equipment currently in use produces 99717500 MJ of energy each year in Guinan County-the energy equivalent of dry dung from 191107 hm2 of meadow supporting yaks.If this amount of dung was returned to the meadowland,the value of meadow ecosystem services would increase by 1.25759 billion CNY.If solar energy resources in Guinan County were developed and used comprehensively,113380 t of standard coal would be saved-the energy equivalent of dry dung from 6368309 hm2 of meadow supporting yaks.If this dung was returned to the meadowland,the value to meadow ecosystem services would increase by 41.90686 CNY.

关 键 词：三江源 太阳能 生态系统服务 贵南县 

分 类 号：TK51[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]