基于流变-突变理论的尾矿坝溃坝机理及预警准则研究  

Study on Mechanism and Warning Criteria of Tailings Dam-break Based on Theory of Rheology-mutation

作　　者：何学秋[1] 王云海[1] 梅国栋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国安全生产科学研究院

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2012年第9期74-78,共5页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAK09B01)

摘　　要：目前对尾矿库坝体稳定性分析采用的弹性力学或弹塑性力学方法,不能有效解释坝体长期存在变形的现象。基于此,运用电液伺服三轴试验机,对溃坝现象进行试验研究。根据试验结果,做尾矿坝溃坝流变-突变机理分析。结果表明:尾砂加载过程中具有流变特性,呈现衰减变形、稳定变形和加速变形3个阶段。尾砂凝聚力和内摩擦角等强度指标随时间逐渐衰减。坝体所受应力大于筑坝材料长期强度时即发生溃坝。坝体稳定预警准则应当与尾砂流变3个阶段对应。这3个阶段分别采用应力、坝体变形速度和变形加速度为预警参数,长期强度、长期强度对应的最大速度、蠕变破坏的最大加速度为预警标准。The method currently used for stability analysis of tailings dam,based on elasticity or plastoelasticity,can not explain the phenomenon of long-term deformation of tailings dam.In view of the situation,dam-break was experimentally studied with an electrohydraulic servo rock triaxial test machine.It turned out to be that tailings possesses rheological properties in the process of loading.Observed process of dam-break consisted of three stages,including attenuation deformation,steady deformation as well as accelerating deformation.Cohesion and internal friction angle of the tailings decreased with time gradually.The dam will break when stress on tailings dam is greater than the long-term strength.Criteria for dam stability warning should tailings rheological correspond to the three phases of tailings rheologieal process.For the phases,stress,the dam deformation speed and the deformation acceleration should be taken respectively as the warning parameters,and long-term strength,the maximum speed corresponding to the long-term strength as well as the maximum acceleration of the creep damage as the warning criteria.

关 键 词：尾矿坝 安全流变-突变 长期强度 溃坝机理 预警准则 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]