人皮肤黑素生成调控机制的研究进展  

Regulatory mechanisms of melanogenesis in human skin

作　　者：倪亚杰[1] 王平[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江中医药大学,杭州310053 [2]杭州市第三人民医院

出　　处：《国际皮肤性病学杂志》2012年第6期407-410,共4页International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology

基　　金：杭州市医学重点专科专病项目（20L00733Q08）

摘　　要：人皮肤黑素在黑素细胞的黑素小体内合成，受多重因素的复杂调控，包括转录调节、细胞内信号传导通路调节、产物的反馈调节，以及核受体、细胞因子等对黑素生成的正向（刺激）和负向（抑制）调节。在正常黑素生成过程中，小眼畸形相关转录因子是转录调控酪氨酸酶及其相关蛋白的最重要分子；环磷酸腺苷，蛋白激酶A通路、丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶通路、一氧化氮／环磷酸鸟苷，蛋白激酶G通路、二酯酰甘油／蛋白激酶c通路是参与黑素生成的最主要4条细胞内信号传导通路。对黑素生成有正向（刺激）作用的分子及其受体主要有G蛋白耦联受体及其配体、干细胞生长因子及其受体、核受体及其配体。对黑素生成有负向（抑制）作用的分子及其受体主要有Agouti信号蛋白及其受体、G蛋白耦联受体及其配体、细胞因子和生长因子及其受体。Melanin in human skin is synthesized in the melanosomes of melanocytes, and there are many modes of regulation of melanogenesis, such as transcriptional regulation, regulation by intracellular sig- naling pathway, feedback regulation by products, and other positive （stimulation） or negative （inhibitory） reg- ulation by nuclear receptors and cytokines. During the process of melanogcnesis, microphthalmia transcription factor （MITF） plays a fundamental role in the regulation of tyrosinases and other tyrosinase-related proteins, with cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A （cAMP/PKA） pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathway, nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G （NO/cGMP/PKG） pathway and diacylglycerol/protein kinase C （DG/PKC） pathway as the four major intracellular signaling pathways. Some molecules and their receptors play positive （stimulating） roles in melanogenesis, such as G protein-coupled re- ceptors and their ligands, stem cell growth factor and its receptor, nuclear receptors and their ligands, while some molecules and receptors play negative （inhibiting） roles, such as the Agouti signaling protein and its re- ceptor, G protein-coupled receptors and their ligands, as well as cytokines, growth factors and their receptors.

关 键 词：黑素类 基因调节 一元酚单氧酶 

分 类 号：R758.4[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]