深层坑渗灌不同开孔方式单点土壤入渗特性研究  

Single point infiltration characteristics for different opening ways of irrigator of deep pit irrigation

作　　者：张建丰[1] 杨潇 帖西宁 吴叔赢 王瑞 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西安理工大学水利水电学院西北水资源与环境生态重点实验室,西安710048 [2]陕西省水工程勘察规划研究院,西安710003

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2012年第21期80-88,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2007BAD38B03);新疆自治区重大专项(200731136-5)

摘　　要：为了探讨深层坑渗灌灌水器不同开孔方式对湿润体的影响,通过室内机理试验研究了砂壤土条件下底面开孔、侧面开孔以及底面和侧面同时开孔的3种灌水器的入渗特性,试验结果表明:开孔方式对累积入渗量,空间3个方向最大湿润锋运移距离以及土壤含水率均产生影响,采用幂函数拟合各方向湿润锋与时间的变化关系,在对3种灌水器条件下的湿润体形状分析基础上,建立了湿润体体积计算模型,验证了该模型精度。在实际应用过程中,对于根系分布较浅的作物,可选取侧面开孔灌水器;对根系分布较深的作物,则选择底部开孔的灌水器。研究结果为深层坑渗灌技术的发展奠定了基础。In order to explore the effects of different opening ways of irrigator of deep pit irrigation on the wetting body, designing three kinds of irrigators which are bottom opening, side opening, the bottom and sides at the same time opening, the indoor mechanism experiments about infiltration characteristics under the sandy loam soil condition were done. The results showed that： the opening ways of irrigator has great impact for the cumulative infiltration, wetting front migration distance of three spatial and soil moisture. The power function was used to fit the relationship between the migration distance for every direction of the wetting front and time. On the basis of analyzing the shape of wetting body for three kinds of irrigators, the wetting body volume calculation model was built, and the accuracy of the model was verified. It is concluded that in the actual application process, the irrigator of side opening is suit for shallow root distribution crops, and the irrigator of bottom opening is suit for deeper root distribution crops.

关 键 词：灌溉 入渗 土壤 深层坑渗灌 开孔方式 湿润体 

分 类 号：O357.3[理学—流体力学]