基于元胞自动机的黄土小流域地形演变模拟  

Simulation of terrain evolution in small loess watershed based on cellular automata

作　　者：曹敏[1] 汤国安[1] 张芳[1] 阳建逸[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室,南京210046

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2012年第22期149-155,I0003,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41101349;40930531);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：黄土高原以沟沿线为基准分为正地形和负地形2种基本的地貌形态,黄土小流域正负地形演变是黄土高原地貌形态发育的缩影。该文采用元胞自动机建模方法,对人工降雨条件下室内黄土小流域正负地形的动态演变过程进行建模与模拟。试验使用近景摄影测量方法监测小流域发育过程,处理获得10mm分辨率的数字高程模型。模拟迭代过程逼真地刻画了黄土负地形区向正地形区不断蚕食的动态演化过程,并能反映出非常重要的黄土陷穴现象的发生。模拟结果在数量上和空间分布上都取得了较好的模拟效果。研究认为元胞自动机建模方法可以用来模拟黄土小流域的正负地形演变,有助于揭示黄土地形演化机制。The Loess Plateau is divided into two basic types of positive terrain and negative terrain by the zigzag loess shoulder-lines on the surface. The evolution of small loess watershed is a miniature of the landform development in the Loess Plateau. Cellular automata modeling method was adopted to simulate the dynamic terrain evolution of an indoor small loess watershed model under artificial rainfall condition in this study. DEMs with 10 mm grid size were obtained by monitoring the landform development of the small loess watershed using close-range digital photogrammetric method. The iterative process realistically simulated the positive and negative terrain evolution that the loess negative terrain areas continuously eroded the positive terrain in the small loess watershed. The simulation depicted this erosion vividly, which could also reflect the appearance of a very important phenomenon-loess sinkhole. The development of loess sinkhole near the middle gully head revealed the function of loess sinkhole in the formation of loess channel system. The simulation result was comparatively good in terms of consistent accuracy and spatial distribution. It is demonstrated that the simulation of terrain evolution based on cellular automata can dig out the evolution mechanism of loess terrain within a small loess watershed.

关 键 词：元胞自动机 Fisher信息矩阵 流域 地形演化 正负地形 FISHER判别 黄土小流域 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]