过磷酸钙添加剂对猪粪堆肥温室气体和氨气减排的作用  

Effects of additive superphosphate on NH_3 , N_2O and CH_4 emissions during pig manure composting

作　　者：罗一鸣[1] 李国学[1] Frank Schuchardt 王坤[1] 江滔[3] 罗文海[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]德国联邦农业科学院农业技术与生态系统工程研究所,布伦瑞克38116 [3]乐山师范学院化学与生命科学学院,乐山614004

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2012年第22期235-242,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：中德合作项目(FKZ0330847A-H);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD14B01);国家自然科学基金(40971177);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金

摘　　要：为研究不同比例过磷酸钙添加剂对畜禽粪便高温堆肥氨挥发和温室气体减排的作用,该文以猪粪和玉米秸秆为试验材料,以市售过磷酸钙肥料作为添加剂,在发酵仓中(单仓体积1.2m3)进行56d的好氧堆肥试验,监测堆肥过程中的温室气体和氨排放速率及堆体碳、氮损失率。结果表明:在初始物料中添加干质量3.3%～13.2%的过磷酸钙添加剂对减少堆体碳、氮损失,降低温室气体排放均有明显效果,但超过初始物料干质量的9.9%的过磷酸钙添加剂会对堆肥腐熟进程产生显著抑制作用;该试验中添加初始物料干质量3.3%～6.6%分别使堆肥56d的NH3、N2O和CH4排放量减少了24.1%～43.4%、22.2%～27.7%和22.4%～62.9%,总温室气体排放当量减少30%。猪粪和玉米秸秆堆肥中较适宜的过磷酸钙添加量是初始物料干质量的3.3%～6.6%。该文为过磷酸钙添加剂应用于实际堆肥工程提供理论依据。To study the effects of superphosphate （SP） on NH3 , N2O and CH4 emissions, an experiment of pig manure composting for 56 days was carried out. Besides control, four mixtures （1.2 m 3 each） were treated with different amount of SP additive of 3.3%, 6.6%, 9.9% and 13.2% （dry matter weight）. The results indicated that, during 56 days, SP additives in pig manure composting at 3.3% to 13.2% decreased the ammonia volatilization, total nitrogen and carbon losses significantly. Adding more than 9.9% of SP caused adverse effects on the degradation of organic materials. SP additive at 3.3% and 6.6% reduced total NH3 emission by 24.1% and 43.4%, N2O emission by 22.2% and 27.7%, and CH 4 emission by 62.9% and 22.4%, respectively. Compared with the control, the total greenhouse gas emissions （CO2-eq） of three treatments with SP additive at less than 9.9% were decreased by 30%. It is concluded that SP as a cheap phosphorus fertilizer can be used as an additive in pig manure composting to reduce the emissions and improve the value of compost as fertilizer; the feasible addition amount of SP could be about 3.3% to 6.6% of raw materials dry weight.

关 键 词：堆肥 温室气体 粪便 氨气 过磷酸钙 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]