2010年医院感染发病率及其病原体分布  

Incidence rate of nosocomial infection and distribution of pathogens in 2010

作　　者：白丽霞[1] 白继庚[1] 赵东蔼[1] 周慧[1] 张小娜[1] 刘晓玲[1] 李霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省儿童医院医院感染管理科,太原030013

出　　处：《中国药物与临床》2012年第11期1395-1396,共2页Chinese Remedies & Clinics

基　　金：山西省卫生厅科技攻关项目(2011053)

摘　　要：目的了解我院2010年医院感染发病率及病原微生物分布情况。方法采用前瞻性调查为主,回顾性调查为辅的方法,对2010年我院37726例住院患者进行监测。结果 1119例发生医院感染,其中16例发生2次感染,共1135例次,医院感染率3.01%。主要感染部位为上呼吸道感染(716例,占63.08%)、下呼吸道感染(142例,占12.51%),消化道感染(195例,占17.18%),切口感染(45例,占3.96%),口腔感染(15例,占1.32%)和泌尿系感染(7例,占0.62%)等。病原微生物培养送检例次889例,送检率为78.33%。主要病原微生物为轮状病毒(95株,占29.33%)、大肠埃希菌(80株,占24.69%)和酵母样真菌(50株,占15.43%)等。结论我院医院感染发病率处于较低水平,但应继续加强医护人员手卫生意识和洗手依从性以预防轮状病毒感染,长期落实整治抗菌药物合理使用方案以降低真菌感染比例。Objective To investigate the incidence rate of nosocomial infection and distribution of pathogens in 2010. Methods A total of 37 726 in-patients in our hospital in 2010 participated in a surveillance study which was conducted mostly in a prospective design with retrospective supplements. Results Nosocomial infection occurred in 1119 patients, with 16 patients having two episodes of infections （1135 cases, 3.01%）. The main sites of infection were upper respiratory tract （n=716, 63.08%）, lower respiratory tract （n=142, 12.51%）, gastrointestinal tract （n=195, 17.18%）, surgical wounds （n=45, 3.96%）, oral cavity （n=15, 1.32%） and urinary tract （n=7, 0.62%）. Samples from 889 cases （78.33%） were collected for culture of pathogenic organisms. The main pathogenic microorganisms were rotavirus （n=95, 29.33%）, Escherichia coli （n=80, 24.69%） and yeast-like fungi （50, 15.43%）. Conclusion The rate of nosocomial infection rate was low in our hospital. Nevertheless, doctors and nurses should observe the hand hygiene and enhance hand-washing compliance in order to prevent rotavirus infection. Moreover, the long-term implementation of reasonable antimicrobial drug use is recommended to reduce the rate of fungal infections.

关 键 词：交叉感染 发病率 病原学 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]