长白山阔叶红松林及杨桦林下草本季节动态及环境解释  

Seasonal Variation of Understory Herbs in Primary Broad-Leaved Korean Pine Forest and Secondary Aspen-Birch Forest in Changbai Mountains and Its Environmental Interpretation

作　　者：夏富才[1] 赵秀海[2] 潘春芳[2] 范娟[2] 汪金松[2] 倪瑞强[2] 何怀江[2] 陈贝贝[2] 丁胜建[2] 姜俊[2] 

机构地区：[1]北华大学,吉林132013 [2]北京林业大学

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2012年第11期83-89,共7页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：财政部林业行业专项项目(20090422-4);博士后基金(20110490292)

摘　　要：为了认识长白山阔叶红松林下草本植物多样性格局的季节动态及其与环境因子相关性,从2009年5—9月份逐月调查了原始阔叶红松林样地及次生杨桦林样地内的100个1 m2的草本样方,比较分析了2种林分林下草本植物多样性格局及其与环境因子的相关性。结果表明:次生杨桦林中调查到蕨类植物9种,早春短命植物8种,早夏植物36种,晚夏植物31种;阔叶红松林中调查到蕨类植物5种,早春短命植物13种,早夏植物37种,晚夏植物21种。阔叶红松林及次生杨桦林下的草本植物存在明显的季节性差异,早春时期以黑水银莲花(Anemo-ne amurensis)和东北延胡索(Corydalis ambigua)为主;夏秋季节以山茄子(Brachybotrys paridiformis)和白花碎米荠(Cardamine leucantha)为主。次生杨桦林各月份之间,物种多度差异较大。同一林分不同月份之间的物种相似度在5月份最低,夏季最高;2个林分各个月份之间的相似度均较低。假设所有草本样方在样地中完全随机分布,稀疏曲线描述了样方数与物种数的关系。相比于幂函数模型和对数函数模型,逻辑斯蒂模型能较好地拟合阔叶红松及其次生杨桦林下的样方数与物种数的关系。光照环境是影响次生杨桦林草本多样性的主要因素;林隙分布和土壤酸碱度是影响阔叶红松林草本多样性的主要因素。因此,可以通过相关环境因子在一定程度上预测阔叶红松林及次生杨桦林下物种多样性的高低。A study was performed to compare understory herb diversity in primary Korean pine （Pinus koraiensis） and secondary aspen-birch （Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla） forests to understand the seasonal variation and its relation to en- vironmental factors in Changhai Mountains, Northeast China. A total of 100 sub-plots （1 m×1 m） （each 20 m×20 m plot has four 1 m×1 m sub-plots） in two plots （ 100 m×100 m） were monitored monthly from May to September 2009. Soil properties （soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, soil water content and pH） and light regime （ leaf area index, photosynthetic photon flux density and canopy presence） were recorded for each four sub-plots. In secondary forest, there were 9 ferns and 75 angiosperms which contains 8 spring bloomers, 36 early-summer bloomers and 31 late-summer bloomers; while in the old-growth forest, there were 5 ferns and 71 angiosperms which con- tains 13 spring bloomers, 37 early-summer bloomers and 21 late-summer bloomers. Herbaceous composition varied over the growing season. Herbaceous layer was dominated by Anemone amurensis and Corydalis ambigua in early spring, where- as Brachybotrys paridiformis and Cardamine leucantha prevailed in the second part of the growing season. The Shannon di- versity index was always higher in the old-growth forest than that in the secondary forest. Herbaceous abundance of the se- condary forest between different months varied more obviously than that of the old-growth forest. Jaccard similarity was lower between May and other months, yet higher in summer between different months in the same forest; and that was always low between different forests for the same month. The Logistic model fits the rarefaction curve better than power and logarithmic models, and it can be used to forecast species number at 1 mxl m plots. Light availability is the key factors influencing the herb diversity of the secondary forest, while canopy presence and soil pH are significantl

关 键 词：长白山 草本 稀疏曲线 季节动态 环境因子 

分 类 号：S718.51[农业科学—林学] S791.247