长江中下游稻茬小麦超高产群体干物质积累与分配特性  

Accumulation and Distribution Characteristics of Dry Matter of Super High Yield Wheat under Rice Stubble in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtse River

作　　者：丁锦峰 杨佳凤 王云翠 陈芳芳 封超年 朱新开 李春燕 彭永欣 郭文善 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室/扬州大学小麦研究所,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2012年第6期1118-1123,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30971729);江苏省科技厅项目(BE2009426);江苏省农业三项工程项目;江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目;江苏高校优秀科技创新团队项目

摘　　要：为给长江中下游稻茬小麦超高产(>9 000 kg·hm-2)生产提供理论与实践依据,以中筋小麦新品种扬麦20为材料,通过氮素运筹(氮肥施用量、施用时期和比例)和基本苗调控建立稻茬小麦不同产量水平群体,研究超高产群体干物质积累与分配特性。结果表明,合理调控拔节期至孕穗期及适量增加孕穗期至开花期群体干物质积累量,在开花期干物质积累适量的基础上,重点促进花后干物质积累量,增加成熟期干物质积累量,是长江中下游稻茬小麦实现超高产的关键。稻茬小麦超高产群体开花期干物质积累量为12 800～13 600 kg·hm-2,花后及成熟期干物质积累量分别达7 200、20 000 kg·hm-2以上。开花期群体叶片干物质积累量与花后、成熟期干物质积累量呈抛物线关系,茎鞘、穗干物质积累量与成熟期干物质积累量呈极显著线性正相关,表明开花期叶片干物质积累量达到3 300～3 400 kg·hm-2,茎鞘、穗干物质积累量分别达7 500、2 000 kg·hm-2以上,有利于提高群体花后干物质积累量和产量。Wheat grain yield mainly comes from production,accumulation and transport of photosynthetic products.In order to understand the accumulation and distribution characteristics of dry matter in super high yield wheat population in rice-wheat cropping system in the lower-middle reaches of the Yangtse River,the medium gluten wheat variety Yangmai 20 was used as the material,a field experiment in rice-wheat cropping system was carried out.The main results were as follows： A reasonable adjustment of dry matter accumulation amount（DMAA） from jointing to booting and suitable increasing DMAA from booting to anthesis were the basic factors to obtain high yield to super high yield of wheat in rice-wheat cropping system.Furthermore,on the basic formation of the population with right amount of dry matter accumulation at anthesis,improvement of DMAA after anthesis and at maturity was the key factor to realize the goal of high yield to super high yield of wheat in the lower-middle reaches of Yangtze River.For super high yield of wheat in rice-wheat cropping system,the corresponding population DMAA was 12 800～13 600 kg·hm-2 at anthesis,while after anthesis and at maturity,it was 7 200 and 20 000 kg·hm-2 or above,respectively.DMAA in leaf of the population at anthesis was parabolic correlation with DAMA after anthesis and at maturity,while DMAA in stem and spike were linear correlation with DMAA at maturity.Therefore,at anthesis,DMAA in leaf was 3 300～3 400 kg·hm-2,with 7 500 kg·hm-2 and 2 000 kg·hm-2 or above in stem and spike,respectively,were benefit for the improvement of yield.

关 键 词：小麦 稻茬 超高产 干物质积累与分配 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311