施氮量对春小麦根系生理活性及籽粒蛋白品质的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Amount on Root Physiological Activity and Grain Protein Quality in Spring Wheat

作　　者：李双双[1] 付驰[1] 孙继[1] 顾万荣[1,2] 芦玉双 许为政 李晶[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学农学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]农业部东北地区作物栽培科学观测实验站,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [3]黑龙江省农业技术推广站,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2012年第6期1139-1143,共5页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：农业部公益性行业科研专项(200903010);黑龙江省博士后资助项目(LBH-Z10253);东北农业大学博士启动基金项目(2010RCB20)

摘　　要：为给春小麦高产优质栽培氮素管理提供依据,以龙麦26和龙麦33为材料,设置5个氮素水平(45、60、75、90和105 kg·hm-2),在大田条件下分析了施氮量对春小麦根系生理活性和籽粒蛋白品质的影响。结果表明,随施氮量的增加,小麦根系活力、籽粒球蛋白含量呈先升后降趋势,根系硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、籽粒清蛋白和谷蛋白含量呈升高趋势,籽粒醇溶蛋白含量呈下降趋势;适量增施氮肥可使生育后期根系保持较高的生理活性,显著提高籽粒蛋白质含量及蛋白质产量。综合来看,龙麦26和龙麦33均以施纯氮90 kg·hm-2为最佳。In order to explore the high yield measures to improve quality in spring wheat production,field experiment was conducted with Longmai 26 and Longmai 33 as the experimental materials with five nitrogen treatments of 45,60,75,90 and 105 kg·hm-2.The effects of nitrogen application on the root physiological activity and grain protein quality of spring wheat were studied.The results showed that,along with the increase of nitrogen application amount,the root activity and grain protein content during the whole growing season increased firstly and then decreased;and the enzyme activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase of root,the contents of albumin and glutenins of grain increased significantly,while the gliadin content of grain reduced.The appropriate amount of increasing nitrogen was helpful to maintain a high level of root physiological activity at later growing stage,which laid a physiological basis for the improvement of grain protein content and yield of wheat.From the characteristics of root physiological activity,yield and quality,nitrogen application of 90 kg·hm-2 was recommended for Longmai 26 and Longmai 33 as the best.

关 键 词：春小麦 施氮量 根系生理活性 籽粒蛋白质含量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311