2011年上海地区细菌耐药性监测  被引量:39

Surveillance of bacterial resistance in Shanghai hospitals during 2011

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作  者:朱德妹[1] 杨洋[1] 蒋晓飞[1] 王传清[2] 王爱敏[2] 刘瑛[3] 陈峰[3] 倪语星[4] 孙景勇[4] 应春妹[5] 汪雅萍[5] 张泓[6] 孔菁[6] 蒋燕群[7] 汤瑾[7] 周庭银[8] 陈险峰[8] 袁轶群[9] 武楠[9] 汤荣 刘庆忠 杨海慧[11] 卫颖珏[11] 张蓓[12] 黄卫春[12] 王金铎[13] 魏丽[13] 胡必杰[14] 黄声雷[14] 李娜[15] 臧先林 张正银[16] 孙晴[16] 沈燕雅[17] 金文敏[17] 孙杰 沈思娣 康向东[19] 戴俊华[19] 唐群力[20] 冯景[20] 汪瑞忠[21] 房华[21] 唐之俭[22] 王芳[22] 张莉[23] 秦云[23] 

机构地区:[1]复旦大学附属华山医院,上海200040 [2]复旦大学附属儿科医院 [3]上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院 [4]上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院 [5]上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院(浦东) [6]上海交通大学附属上海市儿童医院 [7]上海交通大学附属第六人民医院 [8]第二军医大学附属长征医院 [9]复旦大学附属金山医院 [10]上海交通大学附属第一人民医院 [11]上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院(浦西) [12]上海交通大学医学院附属儿童医学中心 [13]复旦大学附属上海市第五人民医院 [14]复旦大学附属中山医院 [15]解放军第455医院 [16]上海市长宁区中心医院 [17]上海市第二人民医院 [18]上海市嘉定区中心医院 [19]上海市普陀区中心医院 [20]上海市奉贤区中心医院 [21]上海市浦东新区人民医院 [22]上海市青浦区中心医院 [23]上海市崇明区中心医院

出  处:《中国感染与化疗杂志》2012年第6期401-411,共11页Chinese Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

摘  要:目的总结2011年上海市细菌耐药性监测结果。方法采用纸片扩散法(K-B法)对上海地区23所医院的临床分离菌进行药敏试验。采用CLSI 2011年版标准判断结果。结果总计56 032株临床分离菌,革兰阳性菌占28.7%,革兰阴性菌占71.3%。耐甲氧西林金葡菌(MRSA)和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)分别占各自菌种的56.9%和79.9%,未发现万古霉素、替考拉宁和利奈唑胺耐药株。798株肺炎链球菌中7株为脑膜炎分离株,其余为非脑膜炎分离株。非脑膜炎儿童分离株中青霉素敏感、中介和耐药菌株各占70.0%、13.7%和16.3%。发现32株屎肠球菌和4株粪肠球菌对万古霉素耐药,32株屎肠球菌中分别有12株和10株为vanA型和vanB型万古霉素耐药,7株为vanF型万古霉素耐药;4株粪肠球菌中vanA型和vanB型万古霉素耐药菌各1株。大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌属细菌(肺炎克雷伯菌和产酸克雷伯菌)和奇异变形杆菌中产ESBLs的检出率分别为57.9%、39.6%和14.3%。肠杆菌科细菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素仍高度敏感,对亚胺培南和美罗培南的总耐药率<5%。不动杆菌属细菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南耐药率仍继续增高,耐药率分别为53.0%和55.0%。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌中仍有少数泛耐药株。磷霉素对分离自尿液标本中的肠球菌属细菌、大肠埃希菌包括产ESBLs菌株和多重耐药大肠埃希菌均有良好的抗菌活性。结论细菌耐药性呈继续增长趋势,对临床抗感染治疗构成严重威胁,某些医院中多重耐药菌相对集中的科室及早进行流行病学调查并采取积极有效防控措施为当务之急。Objective To summarize the resistance profile of the bacterial strains isolated in Shanghai hospitals from January through December 2011. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted with the clinical isolates collected from 23 hospitals according to an agreed protocol using Kirby-Bauer (K-B) method. Results were analyzed according to the breakpoints of CLSI 2011. Results Of the 56 032 clinical isolates, gram positive cocci and gram negative bacilli accounted for 28.7% and 71.3%, respectively. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains was 56.9% in S. aureus (MRSA) and 79.9% in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS). No staphylococcal strain was found resistant to vancomycin, teicoplanin or linezolid. Seven among the 798 strains of Streptococcus pneurnoniae were isolated from meningitis. The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PSSP), penicillin-intermediate S. pneumoniae (PISP) and penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP) was 70.0%, 13. 7% and 16.3% in the nonmeningitis strains isolated from children. Vancomycin resistance was found in 32 E. faecium strains, including vanA type (12 strains), vanB type (I 0 strains) and vanF type (7 strains) and 4 E. faecalis strains, including vanA type and vanB type (1 strain each). ESBLs were produced in 57.9% of the E. coli strains, 39.6% of the K[eb- siella strains (K. pneumoniae and K. oacytoca) and 14.3% of the P. rnirabilis strains. Enterobacteriaceae strains were still very sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics. Overall, the percentage of the Enterobacteriaceae strains resistant to imipenem or mer- openem was lower than 5 %. The percentage of the Acinetobacter strains resistant to imipenem and meropenem increased to 53% and 55%, respectively. A few pandrug-resistant strains were identified in E. coli, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa. Fosfomycin showed good activity against the enterococcal strains and E. coli (including ESBLs-producing and muhidrug-resistant strains) isolat

关 键 词:细菌耐药性 抗菌药 药敏试验 泛耐药菌 

分 类 号:R446.5[医药卫生—诊断学]

 

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