1960年以来青藏高原气温变化研究进展  

Research Progresses of Surface Temperature Characteristic Change over Tibetan Plateau since 1960

作　　者：宋辞[1] 裴韬[1] 周成虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2012年第11期1503-1509,共7页Progress in Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40830529);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-QN303);中国科学院地理资源所自主部署创新项目(200905004);863项目(2009AA12Z227)

摘　　要：青藏高原是中国最大、世界海拔最高的高原,它对全球气候系统存在显著影响。本文对青藏高原自1960年以来的气温变化特征及其影响因素的研究进行了概述与总结。近50年来,青藏高原气温明显上升,经历了一个冷期和一个暖期,气温在20世纪80年代发生突变,整体呈现前低后高波动上升的趋势;最低气温和最高气温呈不对称的线性增温趋势,最低气温的上升速率要比最高气温快得多;而极端事件频率、强度也有所变化,其中低温事件大大减少,高温事件则明显增加;各类界限温度的积温以及持续日数等生物温度指标也都显著增加。在空间分布上,青藏高原气温呈现出整体一致增暖,并且有西高东低、南北反相的变化形态。影响青藏高原气温变化的因素有很多,主要包括天文因素、高原内部气象要素以及外部环流影响等。As the largest plateau in China and highest plateau on the earth,the Tibetan Plateau has a significant impact on global climate.This article reviews the progress of the study of the characteristics of the surface air temperature change over the Tibetan Plateau in the last 50 years and the causes for the change.The conclusions are as follows.（1） In the last 50 years,the surface air temperature over the Tibetan Plateau has clearly increased,through a cold period（mid-1960s to early 1980s） and a warm period（mid-1980s to present） with increasing fluctuations and the abrupt changes in the 1980s,showing an alternating＂low and high＂overall upward trend.（2） The upward trend of the lowest temperature and that of the highest temperatures are not in parallel.In other words,the lowest temperatures have increased more dramatically than the highest temperatures.In addition,the frequency and the intensity of the extreme events have also changed,with extreme low temperature events decreasing significantly and extreme high temperature events increasing slightly.（3） As the indices of the biological events,the accumulated temperatures and their time durations have increased as well.In spatial scale,the temperature in the Tibetan Plateau has shown an overall increase,with the change to a greater extent in the west than that in the east,and an opposite phase zonally.（4） Many factors affect the surface air temperature change over the Tibetan Plateau,such as sunspot cycle,various meteorological elements in the plateau and the atmospheric circulation.

关 键 词：青藏高原 气温特征 界限温度 生物温度指标 

分 类 号：P468.021[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]