焊接残余应力的试验研究  

Experimental Study on Welding Residual Stress

作　　者：任永臻[1] 崔盼超[1] 

机构地区：[1]集美大学机械工程学院,厦门361021

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2012年第11期128-129,共2页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：福建省科技计划重点项目(2008H0031)

摘　　要：工程中很多机械结构都采用焊接技术连接,然而焊接后焊缝附近会产生残余应力,削弱被连接件强度。利用应变电测技术,采用钻孔和超声冲击相结合的方法,对自制锰钢钢板焊接件焊缝附近多个测点的残余应力进行试验研究,得出超声前后测点三个方向的应变变化值,计算得出测点主应力变化情况,再利用第三强度理论得出等效应力进行分析。试验结果表明,利用钻孔和超声冲击相结合的方法,可以大幅度削减焊缝附近的焊接残余应力的峰值,进一步验证了钻孔及超声冲击相结合在工程上应用的可行性,为工程实践及研究性实验教学的开展积累了经验。Welding is commonly used in many mechanical structures in engineering;however,the residual stress near the weld often weakens the strength of the connected part.Here,by using strain measuring technology and adopting a combination of drilling and ultrasonic peening method,many measuring points＇residual stress near the welds of the self-made manganese steel plate is explored.The strain change data from three different directions before and after ultrasonic measuring were derived and the changes of the main stress were calculated and then analyzed according to the equivalent stress drawn from the third strength theory.The results showed that the method of combining drilling and ultrasonic peening can significantly reduce the peak value of the impact of residual stresses near the seam weld.They further proved the feasibility of applying the method of combining drilling and ultrasonic peening to engineering and thus offered accumulated experience in experimental teaching of engineering practice and research.

关 键 词：焊接 残余应力 电测技术 钻孔法 超声波 试验研究 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG4[金属学及工艺—焊接]