福建超级稻品种的产量结构特征分析  

Characteristics of Yield Components of Super-rice Cultivars in Fujian

作　　者：杨惠杰[1] 房贤涛[1] 何花榕[1] 谢祖钦[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院水稻研究所,福建福州350018

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2012年第9期968-972,共5页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建省科技计划项目-省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2010R1023-5);福建省财政专项--福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目(CXTD2011-13);福建省农业科学院青年人才科技创新基金(2009QB-9)

摘　　要：为了解福建省超级稻品种的产量结构特征,选用福建省育成的经农业部认定的4个超级稻品种及对照品种"汕优63"为材料,分析超级稻品种产量与构成因素间的关系及各构成因素在产量中的作用。结果表明,4个超级稻品种的产量水平达10t.hm-2左右,显著或极显著高于对照,其产量构成的共同特点是每穗粒数极显著多于对照;产量与单个构成因素间无显著相关,其中与每穗粒数的正相关系数最大;通径分析结果表明,每穗粒数对产量的贡献率最大(70.55%);产量与穗数、每穗粒数、粒重三者的乘积——库容量呈极显著正相关,超级稻品种高产的主导因素是具有大库容量,而大库容量主要依赖单位面积总粒数,单位面积总粒数的多寡则主要取决于每穗粒数。在栽培上,应在保持一定穗数基础上,注意培育大穗,以发挥超级稻的产量潜力。Relationship between yield and yield components of the Super-rice cultivars in Fujian was studied. It aimed to provide reference for Super-rice breeding and high yield cultivation. Four Super-rice cultivars bred in the province and approved by China＇s Ministry of Agriculture, along with Shanyou 63 as the control, were used for the study. The results showed that the Super-rice yielded 10 t.hm -2, which was significantly or very significantly higher than the control. The common characteristics of the yield components included （a） the number of grains per spike was very significantly higher than the control; and （b） the yield did not significantly correlate to any individual yield component, but highly and positively correlated to the grains per spike. The path analysis indicated that the grains per spike had the greatest contribution （i. e. , 70.55%） to the yield, among all factors. Rice yield was very significantly correlation to the sink size （number of panicle ×number of grains per panicle × grain weight）. The dominant factor for a high yield Super-rice was believed to be the large sink size, which depended mainly on total grains per unit area or the number of grains per panicle. Consequently, in order to improve the rice yield, large panicles should be cultivated within a certain number of panicles.

关 键 词：超级稻 产量构成 相关分析 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]