厚煤层开采地表裂缝形成机理与危害性分析  

Formation Mechanism of Surface Cracks Caused by Thick Seam Mining and Hazard Analysis

作　　者：胡青峰[1] 崔希民[2] 袁德宝[2] 邓绪彪[1] 

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电学院资源与环境学院,河南郑州450011 [2]中国矿业大学地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《采矿与安全工程学报》2012年第6期864-869,共6页Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2007CB209400);国家自然科学基金项目(41071328)

摘　　要：结合8104工作面上方观测线的实测资料及其地质采矿条件,揭示了其地表裂缝发育过程,指出8104工作面下平巷上方地表没有产生明显裂缝的原因是8104和8103工作面间的护巷煤柱被压垮;走向方向地表裂缝发育周期规律与直接顶的周期破断规律基本一致;上平巷上方倾向观测线附近地表裂缝在压缩变形区发育比较明显;8104工作面覆岩显著特点为厚基岩薄松散层,厚硬基岩对采动引起的应力应变传递有较强的消弱作用,能够有效的减缓应力应变的释放,进而减缓地表裂缝与台阶下沉的剧烈发生。根据该矿区的地质采矿条件,针对矿区人们的生产和生活方面,研究分析了地表裂缝带来的主要危害,即容易衍生地质灾害、给矿井的安全生产造成威胁以及危害矿区生态环境。Combined with the measured data of the observation line above the 8104 face and its geological and mining conditions, the surface cracks development process mechanism were revealed. The reason that it did not cause obvious surface cracks above the lower gateway of the 8104 face was pointed out that the pillar between the 8104 and the 8103 face was crushed. The development cycle of the trend surface cracks and the cycle breaking distance of the immediate roof is basically the same. Surface cracks development were more obvious in the compression deformation zone near the tendency observation line above the upper gateway. The distinctive feature of the overlying rock of the 8104 face is characterized by bedrock thick and loose layer thin, which show that the thick hard rock could strongly weaken the mining-induced stress and strain transfer and effectively slow down the release of stress and strain, and then slow down the dramatic surface cracks occur. According to the geological and mining conditions in the mine for production and life of the mine people, the major hazards of surface cracks were analyzed, there are easy to derive geological disaster and pose a threat to mine safety inproduction and endanger mine ecological environment.

关 键 词：开采沉陷 地表裂缝 形成机理 危害性 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设]