医院感染现患率调查研究  

Investigation of prevalence of nosocomial infections

作　　者：杨俐[1] 李晓红[1] 尹俊辉[1] 雷新[1] 陈曦[1] 邹安娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]内江市第一人民医院医院感染科,四川内江641000

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2012年第22期4989-4991,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的了解医院感染现状,为采取针对性的医院感染管理措施提供依据。方法采用横断面调查的方法,采用病历调查与床旁调查相结合的模式,对2011年6月25日住院患者进行医院感染调查。结果共调查1035例患者,医院感染率为5.31%;感染率较高的科室为ICU 30.00%、儿科19.15%、新生儿室14.29%和神经外科11.36%;下呼吸道为主要感染部位,占49.23%;呼吸机相关性肺部感染率为34.12%,中心静脉导管相关性血流感染率为2.38%,泌尿道插管相关性泌尿道感染率为1.59%;病原学培养送检率为45.45%,主要病原菌为鲍氏不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌;调查当日抗菌药物使用率46.18%;治疗用药物送细菌培养率27.76%;使用频度前10位的抗菌药物30.00%为医院常规药敏试验品种,50.00%为作用、性质近似品。结论医院感染日常监测中部分科室存在漏报现象;ICU、儿科、新生儿室为医院感染重点监测部门;应采取综合措施降低呼吸机、中心静脉置管、泌尿道置管等侵入性操作所致医院感染;医院常规药敏试验品种应根据临床药物使用情况及时调整,应加强医院感染病例和治疗用药的细菌学检查。OBJECTIVE To investigate the present situation of nosocomial infections,so as to provide basis for the control of nosocomial infections.METHODS By means of cross-sectional survey,investigation of medical records combined with the bedside investigation,the hospitalized patients with nosocomial infections were investigated on Jun 25,2011.RESULTS There were totally 1035 patients investigated,the incidence rates of nosocomial infections was 5.31%;the incidence of nosocomial infections was 30.00% in ICU,19.15% in pediatric department,14.29% in neonatal ward,and 11.36% in neurosurgery department;the lower respiratory tract was the main infection sites,accounting for 49.23%;the incidence of the ventilator-associated pneumonia was 34.12%,the incidence of central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infection was 2.38%,and the incidence of catheter-related urinary tract infections was 1.59% respectively;the submission rate of the etiology culture was 45.45%,and the leading pathogens were Acinetobater baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa;the utilization rate of antibiotics on the survey day was 46.18%;27.76% of the hospitalized patients who received antibiotic treatment were delivered samples for pathogenic detection;among most frequently used 10 kind of antibiotics,30.00% were routine drugs for drug susceptibility testing and 50.00% were similar to them.CONCLUSION Measures should be adopted to bring down the missing report of nosocomial infections cases;ICU,pediatrics department and the neonatal ward are the key departments to monitor;it is necessary to take comprehensive measures to reduce nosocomial infections resulted from the invasive operations such as ventilator,central venous catheter,and urinary tract catheter;the types of the antibiotics for drug susceptibility test should be adjusted in time,and the bacteriological test should be intensified for the patients with nosocomial infections and the therapeutic antibiotics.

关 键 词：医院感染 现患率 侵入性操作 细菌学检查 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]