“共建”：社会网络变迁中的结构和理性--基于E市建筑散工网络的研究  

“Co-Constitution”:Structure and Rationality in the Transformation of Social Networks: A Case Study of Casual Construction Workers’ Social Networks in E City

作　　者：蔡长昆[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《社会》2012年第6期182-203,共22页Chinese Journal of Sociology

摘　　要：本文以新制度主义框架为基础,以湖北省E市一个装修散工群体为个案,探讨农民工社会网络建构、维持和变迁的机制。结果表明,社会结构限制了社会网络的建构,但当经济机会结构改变之后,个人会理性地、有选择地复制传统社会结构以再造社会网络。同时,传统制度结构也会"同构"再造的社会网络,这也是社会网络得以维持,进而得以稳定化和制度化的机制。所以,在社会网络变迁中,"理性"在社会网络建构中扮演重要的角色,"结构"则在社会网络的维持中扮演重要角色。总之,社会网络变迁中的社会结构和经济关系是"共建"的,"差异化复制"和"制度化同构"是"共建"的两个重要机制。With the framework of New Institutionalism, and with a group of casual construction workers in E city, Hubei province, as a case, the current study tried to go beyond the controversy and to integrate personal interaction and the factors in social structure and macro-level institutions in search of mechanisms that could account for the construction, maintenance, and transformation of social networks. It was found that, on one hand, social structure restricted the scope and possibility of network construction; on the other hand, once there was change in the structure of economic opportunities at the macro-level, individuals would selectively replicate the traditional social structure with rationality in order to reconstruct their social networks. This mechanism for the reconstruction of social networks in the traditional social relationship structure was defined as ＂Differentiated Replication＂. Meanwhile, the traditional institutional structure, including the values, regulations, and obligations in the traditional social relational networks, would enable isostructuration with the reconstructed social networks, which was ＂Institutionalized Isomorphism＂, a mechanism to maintain social networks and to make them stable and systematized. Therefore, in the process of social network transformation, the ＂rationality＂ determined by the economic opportunity structure would play a more important role in network creation, but the ＂institutional structure＂ in the traditional social relational structure would play a more important role in network maintenance. In sum, the social structure in the social relational structure of the social networks in transition, constrained mainly by the traditional social structure, and the economic relationships, constrained mainly by the macro-level economic opportunity structure, were ＂Co-Constituted,＂ the two mechanisms of which were ＂Differentiated Replication＂ and ＂Institutionalized Isomorphism＂.

关 键 词：农民工 社会网络 “差异化复制” “制度化同构” 

分 类 号：C912[经济管理]