行政处罚上的空白要件及其补充规则  

The Blankettatbestand of Administrative Sanctions and its Supplementary Rules

作　　者：熊樟林[1] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2012年第6期68-78,共11页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：2008年度国家社会科学基金项目<行政裁量基准制度研究>(项目号:08BFX020)资助

摘　　要：应受行政处罚行为的成立要件包括构成要件的该当性、违法性及有责性三个判定标准,其中构成要件是指法律规范中规定违法行为特征的各种条款。在由自由法治国向社会法治国的转变过程中,经常会出现将违法行为交由其他规范予以描述的空白要件。我国行政处罚法第二章并不能限定空白构成要件的创设,现实中的空白要件设定也欠缺明确性,这在一定程度上是对处罚法定原则的破坏。因此,需要运用诸如"保护行政法益的必要性和等同性规则"、"授权明确性规则"、"第二次禁止规则"等约束机制,对空白要件的创设与补充加以规范。An action which should be administratively punished shall meet three requirements： Tatbestandsmii^igkeit, Rechtswidrgkeit, and Vorwefbarkeit. Tatbestand refers to the various provisions in the legal norms and rules that describe the features of illegal actions. In the time of the transformation from Der Rechtsstaat to Sozialistischer Staat, it is usual for a legal norm to leave the Tatbestand of an illegal action to the other norms for description, hence the Blankettatbestand. Strictly speaking, Chapter Two of the Law of the People ~ s Republic of Chi- na on Administrative Penalty does not restrict the creation of Blankettatbestand, and Blankettat- bestand itself lacks definition in practice, which to some extent violates the principle of statutory punishment. Therefore, the creation of Blankettathestand needs to be restricted by means of such rules as the necessity and equality to protect administrative rechtsgut, the intelligible principle of delegation, and the prohibition of secondary delegation.

关 键 词：行政处罚 构成要件 空白要件 处罚法定 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]