耐盐碱向日葵杂交种鉴定筛选及机理研究  

Identification and Screening of Hybrid of Salinity Sunflower and Mechanism Studying of Salt Tolerance

作　　者：安玉麟[1] 侯建华[2] 于海峰[1] 陈泽彬[2] 李素萍[1] 聂惠[1] 郭树春[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [2]内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《华北农学报》2012年第5期127-133,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BADA8B04)

摘　　要：为进行向日葵杂交种耐盐碱鉴定筛选及耐盐机理研究,采用群体逐级分类法对25个向日葵杂交种进行耐盐碱鉴定和评价,筛选出2个极强耐盐碱杂交种内葵杂4号、P65和4个强耐盐碱杂交种,在大田和室内盆栽环境下通过不同浓度盐分胁迫,研究向日葵耐盐碱机理和评价技术。结果表明,盐胁迫使向日葵幼苗叶面积、叶绿素含量和叶片净光合速率下降,低盐分下对净光合速率影响最大的是蒸腾速率(Tr),其次是水分利用效率;中等盐分下对净光合速率影响大小依次是水分利用效率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度;高盐分下对净光合速率影响最大的是水分利用效率,其次是蒸腾速率,盐胁迫下非气孔因素是限制净光合速率的主导因素。游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量均随着复合盐浓度的增大而增加,这种渗透调节机制也对向日葵耐盐起到了重要作用。通过2个杂交种及3个自交系亲本苗期耐盐性评价表明,杂交种K55×K58、K55×K59与其亲本自交系K55、K58、K59相比,在可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸含量增长率以及叶绿素含量、叶面积、净光合速率等指标上都表现出一定的杂种优势和超亲优势。In order to dentification and screening of hybrid of salinity sunflower and mechanism studying of salt tolerance.The salinity of 25 sunflower hybrids were identified and evaluated using groups gradually classification,and two very strong salt resistance hybrids named Neikuaiza No.4 and p65 and four strong salinity hybrids were screened out.In the fields and indoor potted environment,sunflower salinity mechanism and evaluation techniques were researched under different concentrations of salinity stress.The results showed that salt stress made leaf area,chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of seedling sunflower decreased,and the greatest impact on net photosynthetic rate was transpiration rate（Tr） under low salt,followed by water use efficiency;the rank of the influence extent of impact on net photosynthetic rate were water use efficiency,transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentration under the medium salt;and the greatest impact on net photosynthetic rate was water use efficiency under severe salt,following was transpiration rate（Tr）;non-stomatal factor was the dominant factor limiting the net photosynthetic rate under salt stress;free proline,soluble sugar and soluble protein content increased with the composite salt concentration increases,this osmotic adjustment mechanism also played an important role in sunflower salt tolerance.Salt-tolerance evaluation of two hybrids and three inbred line parents showed that,compared to the parental inbred lines K55,K58,K59 the hybrid K55×K58,K55×K59 showed certain heterosis and transgressive heterosis and on soluble sugar,soluble protein and free proline content and growth rate and chlorophyll content,leaf area,net photosynthetic rate and other indicators.

关 键 词：耐盐碱 向日葵 杂交种 机理 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S565.5[农业科学—作物学]