滦河流域沉积物中重金属分布特征及风险评价  

Distribution Characteristic and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Luanhe River

作　　者：郝红[1] 高博[1] 王健康[2] 周怀东[1] 陆瑾[1] 殷淑华[1] 朱成[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [2]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《岩矿测试》2012年第6期1000-1005,共6页Rock and Mineral Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体基金项目(51021066);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2006CB403403);水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200901055)

摘　　要：沉积物作为重金属污染物的源和汇,对水环境有着至关重要的影响。为了全面了解滦河沉积物中重金属污染现状,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对滦河干支流沉积物中重金属含量进行了测定,分析了其空间分布,并采用潜在生态危害指数法对滦河沉积物进行了评价。结果表明:滦河沉积物中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的平均含量分别为60.40、26.15、48.07、76.42、0.30、25.55 mg/kg,其中Cu和Cd含量高于中国水系沉积物背景值。滦河干流的重金属含量空间分布自上游往下游呈逐渐增加趋势。潜在生态危害指数评价结果表明:不同重金属污染对滦河流域生态风险构成的危害由强至弱依次为:Cd>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn,其中Cu、Pb、Cr和Zn为低生态危害等级,Cd以中等生态危害等级为主。总体上,滦河沉积物重金属处于中等生态危害等级,干流大黑汀水库和支流瀑河宽域处于强生态危害等级。River sediments are both the source and sink of heavy metal pollution, which has a significant effect on the water environment. In order to determine the pollution levels of heavy metals in the Luanhe River, heavy metal concentrations in sediments were detected by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry （ICP-MS）. Additionally, the distribution characteristics and potential ecological risks were studied by potential ecological risk assessment. The results show that the average contents of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were 60.40, 26. 15, 48.07,76.42, 0.30 and 25.55 mg/kg, respectively. Among the six elements, the contents of Cu and Cd were higher than background values of stream sediments in China. In the mainstream, heavy metal concentrations increased from upstream to downstream. The pyroxies of potential ecological risk assessment indicated that the pollution degrees of heavy metals were： Cd 〉 Cu 〉 Pb 〉 Cr 〉 Zn, and Cd was the predominant pollution element among them. In general, the Luanhe River was moderately contaminated by heavy metals. However, the pollution of the Da Heiting reservoirs and Baohe River （Kuancheng） were at high risk level.

关 键 词：滦河 沉积物 重金属 潜在生态危害指数 空间分布 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]