地下水中半挥发性有机污染物痕量分析的5个问题探讨  

Discussion of Five Problems in Trace-Level Analysis for Semi-Volatile Organic Pollutants in Groundwater

作　　者：魏峰[1] 陈海英[1] 沈小明[1] 吕爱娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心,江苏南京210016

出　　处：《岩矿测试》2012年第6期1043-1049,共7页Rock and Mineral Analysis

基　　金：淮河流域平原地区地下水污染调查评价综合研究与专题研究项目(1212010634505)

摘　　要：针对地下水中有机氯农药、多氯联苯和多环芳烃等半挥发性有机污染物的痕量分析,从实验室分析测试人员的角度,探讨了提高定量分析准确度的三个问题:分级绘制标准曲线、注重标准溶液配制细节、避免假阳性与假阴性。从实验室管理人员的角度探讨了提高实验室竞争力的两个问题:提高服务质量和降低分析成本。本文对这几个重要但往往易被忽视的问题进行逐一分析,并探讨了分级绘制标准曲线的方法、配制标准溶液应考虑的要点、避免假阳性与假阴性的措施,以及提高服务质量和降低成本的因素。This article discusses three problems linked to how to be more accurate for quantitative analysis from the perspective of the analyst in order to perform trace-level analysis of semi-volatile organic pollutants, such as organochlorine pesticides （OCPs）, ploychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in groundwater. These are namely, （ 1 ） drawing a calibration curve in one order of magnitude, （2） thoroughly preparing reference materials, and （3） avoiding false positives arid false negatives. Moreover, two problems on how to improve the competitiveness of the laboratory from the perspective of the management are discussed such as improving the quality of service and saving cost. This paper analyzed one by one for the sources of these important problems, which were often overlooked, and discussed how to draw calibration curves, outlines for reference materials preparation, how to find and avoid false positive and false negative, and how to improve service quality and save cost.

关 键 词：地下水 有机氯农药 多氯联苯 多环芳烃 质量控制 质量保证 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S482.32[农业科学—农药学]