工具与机器——马克思《机器。自然力和科学的应用》文稿的解读  

Tool and Machine——An Aualysis on Marx’s Machine. Natural Force and the Application of Science

作　　者：郑雨[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学人文学院,南京210016

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2012年第6期67-71,共5页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

摘　　要：马克思认为,工具与机器的差别,不仅仅局限在使用动力的类型上,两者更为本质的区别在于机器的去身体化。整体化的机器是个体化工具内在的自我显现和进化的结果。工具向机器的进化,不可能如西蒙栋所说,以完整的个体形式自然地发展为机器,而需通过工场手工业的分工和专业化,变为更简单的技术元素,才能被整合到机器中。Marx thinks that the difference between tool and machine is not only confined to the type of labor force u- sing. The essential difference lies in the de - somatication of machine. The integrated machine results from the in- trinsic self - demonstration and evolution of the individualized tool. It is not as Simodon said that the tool will be de- veloped into machine maintaining wholly its original form, but rather, only by being turned into simpler technical el- ements by means of the division and spccialization of handicraft workshop, can the tool be integrated into machine.

关 键 词：马克思 机器 工具 分工 技术元素 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]