新型无土栽培基质配比对4种叶菜类蔬菜生长发育和产量的影响——以煤矸石、油菜秸秆等组成的栽培基质为例  

Influence of Soilless Culture Medium Composed of Coal Gangue and Rape Straw on Growth and Yield of Leafy Vegetables

作　　者：童贯和[1] 张科贵[1] 刘天骄[1] 罗勋[1] 

机构地区：[1]淮南师范学院生命科学系,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2012年第6期762-765,共4页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：安徽高校省级自然科学研究重点项目(编号:KJ2009A115)

摘　　要：采用煤矸石和腐熟油菜秸秆为无土栽培基质原料,以菜园土为对照(CK),无土栽培基质分别设T1、T2、T3、T4、T5共5个处理,各处理煤矸石与腐熟油菜秸秆配比(体积比,v/v)分别为2∶8、3∶7、4∶6、5∶5和6∶4。分析测定了各处理基质的理化特性,并在人工光照室内用盆栽方法栽培白菜、生菜、菠菜和苋菜4种叶菜类蔬菜,分别于定植后30d和55d测定株高、叶片数、根冠比及鲜重等生长指标。结果表明5种混合无土栽培基质的容重较低,水气比合理,营养丰富,适合进行蔬菜栽培。在5种混合基质上栽培的4种蔬菜的株高、叶片数、根冠比及鲜重均显著高于CK,其中以T3混合基质上生长的4种蔬菜的各项指标均最高,其次为T2和T4,T1、T5较低。说明对于4种叶菜类蔬菜无土栽培基质的配比以T3处理最佳,且显著优于土壤栽培。Chinese cabbage （Brassica chinensis）, lettuce（Lactuca sativa）, amaranth（Amarantus mangostanus） and spinach （Spinacia oleracea） were cultivated in the pot in the biotron, using soilless culture mediums composed of decomposed rape straw and coal gangue （named T1, T2, T3, T4 and Ts, the volume ratios of decomposed rape straw and coal gangue were 2：8, 3：7, 4：6, 5：5 and 6：4, respectively）, using garden soil as control. After 30 and 55 days cultivation, the growth of fresh weight, plant height, leaf number and ratio of root to crown of each culture were measured and the physiological characteristics of soilless culture mediums were studied to determine the best soilless culture medium for the four vegetable crops. The results showed that the growth of vegetable crops in soilless culture mediums was better than that in garden soil, and vegetable Showed highest growth in T3 medium and lowest growth in T1 and T5 medium. It was concluded that T3 soilless culture medium was the best for the four vegetable crops.

关 键 词：煤矸石 油菜秸秆 无土栽培基质 叶菜类蔬菜 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S317[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S636[农业科学—农艺学]