斧头湖水生植物多样性及群落演替研究  

DIVERSITY VARIATION AND COMMUNITY SUCCESSION OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES IN LAKE FUTOU

作　　者：李中强[1] 任慧[1] 郝孟曦[1] 张萌 徐军[3] 

机构地区：[1]湖北大学资源环境学院,武汉430062 [2]江西省环境保护科学研究院,南昌330029 [3]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2012年第6期1018-1026,共9页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31270261、31170439);湖北省杰出青年基金项目“湖泊的退化机制与生态系统健康评价”资助

摘　　要：根据2009年调查结果,结合分析前人研究资料,研究了斧头湖水生植物多样性及其群落的变化。结果表明从1988—2009年近20年间斧头湖水生植物种类和优势种均发生一定程度的变化,一些对干扰较为敏感的种类如睡莲已经消失,原来的优势种如微齿眼子菜、密齿苦草和轮叶黑藻等变为亚优势种或伴生种;同时出现一些人工栽培外来水生植物。斧头湖水生植被由20世纪50年代的自然演替到目前阶段人为控制下的人工演替,群落演变剧烈,其水生植被覆盖面积、群丛数量和结构以及水生植被总生物量均变化明显,经历一个多(高)—少(低)—多(高)过程。研究表明围网养殖、刈割、引种等人为活动、水生植物生活史、繁殖策略以及水位波动等自然因素可能是引起斧头湖水生植被演变剧烈的主要原因。Due to extensive human activities, habitat loss and segmentation induce destruction and disappearance of aquatic plants in the shallow lakes. These activities cause secondary extinctions of aquatic animals, leading to loss of biodiversity in lakes and animal reproduction. Lake Futou, locates in southeastern Hubei Province, China, has the same functions, such as irrigation and aquaculture, as other shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. However, in recent 50 years, human disturbances, including reclamation, damming and over-fishing, have caused accelerated loss of diversity of aquatic plants. This worsened the ecosystem fuction and seriously affected the produc- tivity of aquatic resources and the quality of species. Thus, the aims of the this study were to understand the succession of aquatic plants in Lake Futou in recent decades and to comprehend the reasons associated with exploitation and utili- zation of resources in this lake. In order to investigate the aquatic plant diversity in Lake Futou, the species and com- munity diversity were studied using field investigation in 2009, and the topology were analysed by geographical infor- mation system technique with ARC/INFO. Based on the results obtained from field investigation and previous studies, species diversity variations and succession of aquatic macrophytes community in Lake Futou from 1988 to 2009 were investigated and the reasons between the changes and some controlling factors were analyzed. The results showed that there were some variations on the number of species and dominant species of aquatic plants. Some species that were sensitive to disturbances such as Nymphaea stellata disappeared and some dominant species such as Potamogeton maackianus, Vallisneria denseserrulata and Hydrilla verticillata became sub-dominant species or accompanying species from 1988 to 2009. In addition, the introduced species such as Elodea nuttalli occurred in Lake Futou and became dominant species. Before the early 1980s, vegetation coverage w

关 键 词：物种替代 水生植物 群落结构 演替 斧头湖 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学]