蛋白质营养对工业化养殖大菱鲆生长、消化和免疫的效应  

The effect of protein on growth, digestion and immunity of Turbot (Scophthatmus maximus L.) in industrial culture

作　　者：高婷婷[1,2] 李勇[2] 张家国[1] 柳阳[2] 周邦维[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命科学学院,上海201306 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋科学》2012年第10期73-80,共8页Marine Sciences

基　　金：十二五国家科技支撑计划资助项目(201113AD13B07);中国科学院院地合作资助项目(Y12530101L)

摘　　要：在封闭循环水养殖条件下，选用体质量为（145．08±0．56）g大菱鲆（Scophthatmus maximusL．）幼鱼，进行4种蛋白质梯度水平（41％、46％、50％、55％，即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组）的单因素试验74d，研究蛋白质营养对工业化养殖大菱鲆生长、消化酶、免疫机能的影响。结果表明：（1）试验鱼增质量率随日粮蛋白质含量升高而提高，中高蛋白水平（III、Ⅳ组）增质量率分别极显著或显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组18．46％～65．75％，Ⅲ、Ⅳ组间无显著差异；饲料系数则相应下降，Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别极显著低于I组21．15％～27．73％（P〈0．01），Ⅱ、Ⅲ、IV组间无显著差异；（2）大菱鲆胃肠、肝胰脏的蛋白酶活力随蛋白水平升高而显著增强，其中Iv组胃蛋白酶活力分别极显著高于其他组15．28％～31．96％（P〈0．011，肝胰脏胰蛋白酶活力分别显著或极显著高于其他组9．74％～26．29％；胃肠淀粉酶、肝胰脏淀粉酶及脂肪酶活性受饲料蛋白水平影响不显著；（3）随日粮蛋白含量提高，各试组鱼成活率与主要免疫器官溶菌酶活力呈先上升后缓降的趋势，Ⅲ组最优，其成活率高于低、高蛋白水平组2．86％～9．34％，但4组间差异不显著：肝脏溶茵酶活力分别极显著高于Ⅰ组80．07％（P〈O．01），显著高于Ⅱ组43．56％（尸〈0．05）；头肾溶菌酶活力极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组67．78％和35．76％（P〈0．01）；与Ⅳ组差异不显著；（4）血清ACP及LYZ活力随日粮蛋白水平提高先升后降，Ⅲ组LYZ活力极显著高于Ⅰ组31．92％（P〈0．01），显著高于Ⅱ组18．72％（P〈0．051：血MDA随蛋白水平提高显著降低，Ⅳ组分别极显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组13．26％～31．61％；血清SOD活力及C3补体含量随日粮蛋白含量增加而提高，但各组间差异不显著。结果表明，日粮中、高蛋白质含量显著促进大菱鲆幼鱼的生长�Effects of dietary protein on growth, digestive enzymes and immunity activity of turbot were investigated in closed recirculation aquaculture system. Fish with a mean initial weight of （145.08±0.56） g were feed with four different feeds （41%, 46%, 50%, and 55%, with Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ groups） for 74 days. The results indicated： （1） Weight gain rates were increasing rapidly first and then slowly with increased dietary protein level, while food conversion rates showed a reverse pattern. The weight gains of groups Ⅲ, Ⅳ were significantly higher than groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ by 18.46%-65.75%, while feed conversion rates were lower than group I by 21.15%±27.73% （P〈 0.01）; （2） The gastrointestinal and hepatopancreas protease activity enhanced rapidly with dietary protein level increasing. Gastrointestinal and hepatopancreas protease activities of fish in group IV were significantly higher than groupsⅠ, Ⅱ,Ⅲ by 15.28%-31.96% and 9.74%-26.29% respectively （P〈 0.01）. While amylase and lipase specific activities in the intestine and hepatopancreas were not influenced by dietary protein level （P〉 0.05）; （3） Along with the die- tary protein from 41%-50%, fish＇s survival rate and major organ lysozyme vitality of turbot were increasing, but when the level went to 55% indicators decreased. The group Ⅲ, its survival rate was higher than other groups＇ by 2.86%-9.34% but not significantly （P〉 0.05）; its lysozyme vitality in liver was higher than group Ⅰ by 80.07% significantly （P〈 0.01） and higher than group Ⅱ by 43.56% （P〈 0.05）; its lysozyme vitality in head kidney was sig- nificantly higher than group Ⅰ, Ⅱby 67.78% and 35.76% （P〈 0.01） respectively; （4） Serum lysozyme and ACP ac- tivity were increasing along with the level of dietary protein at first and then decreased, fish＇s serum lysozyme ac- tivity in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than group I by 31.92% （P 〈0.01） and higher than group Ⅱ by 18.72% （P 〈0.05）; Serum MDA

关 键 词：蛋白质 生长 消化 免疫 大菱鲆(Scophthatmus MAXIMUS L ) 封闭循环水 

分 类 号：S952[农业科学—水产养殖]