基于GIS的东北及邻近地区积雪深度空间化方法  

GIS-based Spatializing Method for Estimating Snow Cover Depth in Northeast China and Its Nabes

作　　者：赵晓萌[1,2] 李栋梁[1] 陈光宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学大气科学学院,气象灾害省部共建教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210044 [2]陕西省气候中心,陕西西安710014

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2012年第6期927-933,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB411506);中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室开放基金“基于GIS的东北地区积雪深度空间化方法研究”(SKLCS 08-06)课题共同资助

摘　　要：根据近50 a东北及邻近地区122个地面测站逐日积雪深度观测资料,采用REOF方法划分为5个气候区,利用DEM资料建立经度、纬度、海拔高度3个宏观地形因子以及坡度、坡向和开放度3个微观地形因子的数据库,并结合三维二次趋势面方法对研究区域雪深进行GIS模拟。结果表明:宏观地形因子与雪深呈较好的正相关关系,大、小兴安岭是东北地区积雪分布较多区域,大致按山脉走向分布,海拔高、纬度高的地区雪深较大。分区模拟,微观地形因子对积雪深度的影响增大,突出积雪深度分布的局地特征,同时相对误差显著减小。In this study,five climate zones were delimited using the rotated empirical orthogonal function（REOF） method base on the data of snow cover depth and other meteorological factors,observed by 122 meteorological stations in northeast China in recent 50 years.A database of three terrain factors（longitude,latitude and altitude） and three micro-terrain factors（slope,exposure and openness） was derived using digital elevation model（DEM） and GIS to simulate snow cover depth in northeast China with the mathematical theorem of trend simulation and stepwise regression.The results showed that there was a positive correlation between the macro-terrain factors and the snow cover depth.Snow cover depth was thick in the Da Xing＇an Mountains and Xiao Xing＇an Mountains in northeast China,and it was increased with the increase of altitude and latitude.Delimitation of the climate zones reveals that the micro-terrain factors could increase their effects on snow cover depth,gives prominence to local features of snow cover depth distribution,and reduce the relative errors.

关 键 词：积雪深度 REOF分区 地形因子 GIS模拟 东北地区 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程] P426.635[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]