对桑沟湾海域一次藻华事件原因种的初步分析  

Primary analyses on the causative species of a bloom in the Sanggou Bay

作　　者：孔凡洲[1] 于仁成[1] 张清春[1] 王云峰[1] 颜天[1] 周名江[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2012年第6期824-829,共6页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新项目群(KZCX2-YW-Q07-04);国家重点基础研究规划项目(973)(2010CB428705);国家自然科学基金委创新群体项目(40821004);山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室开放基金(2011006);中国科学院海洋研究所知识创新领域前沿项目;中印赤潮合作项目(40811140535)

摘　　要：2011年6月,桑沟湾海域爆发一种微微型藻类(藻细胞大小约2μm)形成的藻华。于6月1日、6月8日和6月17日采集的分级过滤浮游植物样品色素分析结果显示,19-丁酰氧基岩藻黄素(19-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin,But-fuco)、岩藻黄素(Fucoxanthin,Fuco)、硅甲藻黄素(Diadinoxanthin,Diad)和叶绿素a(Chlorophyll a,Chl a)等色素应是藻华原因种的主要色素组分。据此推断,藻华原因种可能属于海金藻类(Pelagophytes)、定鞭藻类(Haptophytes)或硅鞭藻类(Silicoflagellate)。色素化学分类软件CHEMTAX分析表明,藻华原因种对浮游植物总Chl a的贡献在22%～97%。桑沟湾海域藻华原因种的细胞大小和色素组成特征与近年来秦皇岛沿岸海域藻华原因种基本一致,这些藻华事件的一些共同特征,如藻细胞数量高、细胞个体小、But-fuco色素含量高、初夏爆发、对养殖贝类摄食具有抑制效应等,与美国东海岸抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anoph-agefferens)引发的"褐潮"现象非常相似,值得密切关注。A unique picophytoplankton （ cell size around 2 mm） bloom occurred in June ,2011 in the Sanggou Bay. Phytoplankton sam-ples were collected during the bloom on June 1 ^st ,8^th and 17^th for microscopic observation and pigment analysis in the current study. Pigment analysis of the size-fractioued phytoplankton samples indicated that 19-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin （But-fuco） ,fucoxanthin （Fuco） , diadinoxanthin （Diad） and chlorophyll a （ Chl a） were the major pigments of the bloom causative species. Based on the pig-ment profile,it＇s suggested that the bloom was caused by pelagophytes, haptophytes or silicoflagellate. CHEMTAX analysis indicated that the relative contributions of the bloom causative species to the bulk Chl a content of the phytoplankton samples were 62% on June 1^st ,22% on June 8^th and 97% on June 17 ,reflecting the predominant role of the bloom causative species in the phytoplankton commu-nity. The cell size and pigment composition of the bloom causative species in the Sanggou Bay are similar to the blooms in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao,which suggests that the blooms be caused by the same or closely - related species. Features shared by these blooms, such as the extremely high cell density, small - sized and But - fuco containing cells, occurred in early summer, and the feed-ing-cessation effects on scallops, closely resemble the ＂brown tide＂ events caused by pelagophyte Aureococcus anophagefferens in the United States of America,which needs attention in the coming years.

关 键 词：有害藻华 赤潮 色素 19-丁酰氧基岩藻黄素 海金藻 褐潮 CHEMTAX 抑食金球藻 

分 类 号：Q178.53[生物学—水生生物学]