外包与劳动力结构——基于中国工业行业数据的经验分析  

Off-shoring and Employment Structure

作　　者：蔡宏波[1] 陈昊[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院

出　　处：《数量经济技术经济研究》2012年第12期53-65,共13页Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(10zd&017);国家社科基金青年项目(11CJY037);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(105561GK);全国统计科学研究计划项目重点项目(2011LZ001);北京师范大学2012年文科跨学科沙龙的资助

摘　　要：本文针对1995～2009年中国工业行业整体和分行业劳动力结构变化做出趋势描述和Berman原因分解,并利用面板数据模型就外包对劳动力结构变化的影响进行实证分析。结果表明,中国工业行业劳动力结构总体不断优化,技术密集型产品生产行业熟练劳动力占比的增加对劳动力结构的优化作用明显,劳动和资源密集型产品生产行业以及初级产品生产行业在水平和增速上落后于整体。相比部门结构变动,行业内劳动节约型技术进步或者生产效率的提高是我国劳动力结构整体优化的主要动力。在服务外包显著促进全行业劳动力结构优化的同时,材料外包和狭义材料外包的影响程度和方向显示出极大的行业差异性。This paper analyses the change trend （1995-2009） and its reasons of employment structure in China＇s industrial sectors. Then we test the impact of off-shoring on employment structure based on China＇s panel data as a whole and by industry. The conclusion shows that, China＇s overall employment structure in in- dustrial sectors has been upgrading, the increase of skilled labor in the technology- intensive industries obviously optimizes overall employment structure, while labor and resource-intensive and primary products industries are both behind that of over- all. Compared to inter-industry change, labor-saving technology progress or pro- duetivity rise of intra-industry should be the main driver of employment structure optimization. There exist significant sector differences of the impact of material off- shoring and narrow material off-shoring on employment structure, and service off- shoring apparently promotes employment structure overall and by industry.

关 键 词：外包 工业行业 劳动力结构 

分 类 号：F24[经济管理—劳动经济]