氮素运筹对两个晚稻品种产量及其主要构成因素的影响  

Effect of different N management practices on yield and its main formed factors in two later-season rice genotypes

作　　者：仇少君[1] 赵士诚[1] 苗建国[1] 徐新朋[1] 孙刚[2] 易琼[1] 王淳[1] 张文学[1,2] 何萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]江西农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2012年第6期1326-1335,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41101277;30771256);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973项目)(2007CB109306);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项基金(2011-2)资助

摘　　要：本研究采用农民习惯施肥、实地氮素管理、实时氮素管理以及实时氮素管理基础上施用基肥,探讨了集约化农田不同氮素管理对水稻品种赣晚籼30(GWX)和博优141(BY)的产量及产量主要构成因素的影响。结果表明,与农民习惯施肥相比,不同氮素优化管理分别对水稻的产量、地上生物量、吸氮量、收获指数和氮收获指数以及穗数、每株实粒数没有显著影响。每个水稻品种的产量与生物量和吸氮量均呈极显著相关性(P<0.01)。施用氮肥处理赣晚籼30平均产量为7.8 t/hm2,平均生物量为16.4 t/hm2,地上部平均吸氮量为N 175.6 kg/hm2,博优141的平均产量为8.9 t/hm2,生物量16.1 t/hm2,吸氮量N为150.6 kg/hm2。氮肥施用后,博优141的产量、收获指数、氮收获指数、每株总粒数、实粒数显著高于赣晚籼30(P<0.05),而博优141的吸氮量、结实率和千粒重都显著低于赣晚籼30(P<0.05)。与农民习惯施肥相比,实时氮素管理节肥率最高,实地氮素管理节肥率最小;基肥施用具有稳产作用。总之,在当前集约化农田管理中,适量减少氮肥施用并不会影响水稻产量及其主要构成因素,但氮肥减施的可持续性有待进一步研究。The present study employed site-specific nitrogen management （SSNM）, real-time nitrogen management （RTNM） and RTNM plus basic fertilizer （RTNMB） to discuss the effect of optimum N management practices above on yield and its main formed factors between Var. Ganwanxian 30 （GWX） and Var. Boyou 141 （BY） in the intensive later-season rice agriculture. Comparing to farmer＇ s N management practice, the site-specific nitrogen management and real-time nitrogen management and RTNM plus basic fertilizer didn＇ t affect yield significantly, aboveground biomass, N uptake by aboveground, harvest index （HI） and N harvest index （NHI） in either genotype rice. The yield was significantly correlated with aboveground biomass and N uptake by aboveground （P 〈 0. 01 ）. In all N application treatments, the average of yield, aboveground biomass and N uptake was 7.8 t/ha,16.4 t/ha, and 175.6 kg/ha for GWX and 8.9 t/ha, 16. 1 t/ha, N 150. 6 kg/ha for BY. After N application, the average of yield, HI, NHI, spikelets per plant and grain per plant of BY was significantly higher than those of GWX （P 〈 0. 05 ） , while N uptake by aboveground, seed setting rate and 1000 grain weight of BY was significantly lower than those of GWX （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Comparing with farmers＇ N management practices, the saved N percentage in RTNM was largest and that in SSNM was lowest, the basic N fertilizer application can maintain the stable of high yield. In a word, under the current intensive agriculture, the yield cannot decrease if the N amount decreased from farmers＇ excessive N rate to the optimum rate, but the sustainability in the decline of N fertilizer rate need further explore in the future.

关 键 词：氮素管理 产量 水稻地上部 水稻穗部参数 集约化农业 

分 类 号：S511.33[农业科学—作物学]