施氮与灌水对夏玉米产量和水氮利用的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application and irrigation on grain yield, water and nitrogen utilizations of summer maize

作　　者：谢英荷[1] 栗丽[1] 洪坚平[1] 王宏庭[2] 张璐[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,山西太原030031

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2012年第6期1354-1361,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BADA4B07-1)资助

摘　　要：通过田间裂区试验,研究了不同灌水量(900、1200和1500 m3/hm2)和施氮量(0、150、210和270 kg/hm2)对夏玉米生长状况、产量构成及水、氮利用效率等的影响。结果表明:当灌水量超过最低量900 m3/hm2、施氮量超过150 kg/hm2时,二者对玉米产量、产量构成因素(穗粒数、百粒重及穗粒重)和收获指数(HI)以及各生育期干物质积累量等均没有明显影响;氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力随氮肥用量的增加呈明显降低趋势;灌水生产效率和水分利用效率随灌水量的增加也显著降低,二者均表现为900 m3/hm2>1200 m3/hm2>1500 m3/hm2。因此,在本试验条件下,以W900N150处理的水、氮利用效率、产量及其构成因素等较高,并且对环境造成潜在危害最小,为当地地域气候条件下夏玉米生产中节水减氮的较为适宜的水氮配比。A field experiment using the split-plot design was carried out to investigate the effects of nitrogen and irrigation on growth of summer maize, yield components, and water and nitrogen use effieiencies. There were three irrigation levels, 900 （W900） , 1200 （W1200） , and 1500 m3/ha （W1500） in main plots and four nitrogen levels, 0（ NO ）, 150 （N150）, 210 （N210 ）, and 270 kg/ba （N270 ） in sub-plots. The results show that the effects of nitrogen and irrigation on grain yield, yield components （grains per spike, 100 -grain weight and grain weight per spike）, harvest index （HI） and aboveground dry matter at each growth stage of summer maize are not significantly different when the irrigation rate is higher than 900 m3/ha and the nitrogen application rate is higher than 150 kg/ha. The nitrogen agronomic efficiency （NAE） and partial factor productivity of the applied N （NPFP） are decreased with the increase of the nitrogen application, and the water productivity （WF） and water use efficiency （WUE） are also decreased significantly with the increase of the irrigation rate （900 ma/ha 〉 1200 ma/ha 〉 1500 ma/ha）. In the present experiment, the optimal combination of nitrogen rate and irrigation rate is W900 N150 for the higher grain yield, yield components and water use efficiency, which has lower potential harm for environment.

关 键 词：夏玉米 施氮量 灌水量 产量 水氮利用 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]