不同氮磷钾处理对木薯产量、养分积累、利用及经济效益的影响  

Effects of different N,P and K treatments on yield,nutrient accumulation and utilization and economic benefit of cassava

作　　者：林洪鑫[1] 袁展汽[1] 刘仁根[1] 肖运萍[1] 黄雪花[2] 汪瑞清[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所,农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,江西南昌330200 [2]江西省农业科学院农产品质量安全与标准研究所,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2012年第6期1457-1465,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-12-jxyzq)资助

摘　　要：于2010和2011年,以木薯品种华南205(SC205)为试验材料,采用"3414"方案设计,研究了氮磷钾不同施肥处理对木薯产量、养分积累利用和经济效益的影响,并通过多元回归建立红壤旱地木薯的施肥效益方程。结果表明,施肥处理的鲜薯产量显著高于不施肥处理;缺氮处理的鲜薯产量显著低于缺磷和缺钾处理,对鲜薯产量的影响N>K2O>P2O5;施肥处理中以N2P2K2处理的鲜薯产量、鲜薯淀粉含量、鲜生物量、养分收获指数和经济效益最高,而产投比以N2P2K0处理最高,N1P2K1处理其次,N2P2K3处理最小。木薯植株养分积累总量K2O>N>P2O5,平均100 kg鲜薯养分需求量分别为1.00、0.91和0.11 kg,平均养分收获指数分别为0.53、0.33和0.46。相关分析表明,木薯产量与施氮量呈极显著正相关,与施钾量呈显著正相关,与施磷量相关不显著。在本试验条件下,三元二次方程拟合结果表明,达到经济最佳产量时的氮、磷、钾施用量分别为205.37、65.43和311.30 kg/hm2,产投比为6.23。In 2010 and 2011, using cassava cultivar, SC205, as material and the ＂3414＂ experimental design, an experiment was carried out to study the effects of different application amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on cassava yield, nutrient accumulation and utilization and economic benefit. And through multiple regressions, the equation of the fertilizer efficiency for upland red soils in Jiangxi province was established. The results show that the yields of the fertilization treatments are significantly higher than those of the treatments without fertilization, the yield of the nitrogen deficiency treatment is significantly lower than those of the phosphorus and potassium deficiency treatments, and the effects on the yield is N 〉 K20 〉 P205. Cassava yield, fresh root starch content, fresh biomass, nutrient harvest index and economic benefit of the NEP2K2 treatment are the highest amongthe fertilization treatments. The output-input ratio of the N2P2K0treatment is the highest, the ratio of the NIP2K~ treatment is secondly and the ratio of the N2P2K3 treatment is the smallest. The order of plant total nutrient accumulation is K20 〉 N 〉 P2O5. The average nutrients （ potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus） requirements for 100 kg fresh root are 1.00, 0.91 and 0. 11 kg, and the average harvest indexes are 0.53, 0.33 and 0.46, respectively. The correlation analysis shows that the cassava yield has an extremely significantly positive correlation with nitrogen application amount and a significantly positive correlation with the potassium application amount, while the yield has an insignificantly correlation with phosphorus application amount. Under the condition of this experiment, the fitting results of the developed quadratic equations in three variables show that the application amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the ratio of output to input for the economic optimum yield are 205.37 kg/ha, 65.43 kg/ha, 311.30 ka/ha and 6 23 , respectively.

关 键 词：“3414”试验 木薯 养分积累利用 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]