钢轨几何尺寸自动测量系统研究  

Research on the Automatic Measurement System for Rail Physical Dimension

作　　者：王旺华[1] 毛庆洲[2] 熊智敏[2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉铁路局武汉工务大修段,湖北武汉430050 [2]武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2012年第B08期117-121,共5页China Railway Science

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金资助项目（2010CDB08407）;武汉市青年科技晨光计划项目（201150431103）

摘　　要：在不改变现有钢轨焊接工艺的条件下，研究采用非接触式测量方法的钢轨几何参数在线自动测量系统。该系统主要由传感器集成控制单元、测量单元以及数据处理与管理单元组成；采用激光三角测量法、三点等弦弦测法和共面法以及16个相同型号的激光测距传感器，分别完成对钢轨断面几何尺寸、钢轨平直度和扭曲度的测量；采用限幅滤波法消除由钢轨表面因素引起的测量误差，采用中值数绝对偏差的决策滤波算法消除由钢轨运动过程中跳动引起的测量误差。重复性试验和对比试验的结果表明，在采用基恩士IL-065型激光位移传感器且采集频率为2kHz、钢轨运动速度不超过1．5m·s^-1的情况下，该系统的动态测量精度可达0．2mm，能够满足生产实际的需求。This paper introduces an automatic online measurement system which uses the non-contact meth- od to measure the physical dimension of rail without changing the existing rail welding process conditions. The system mainly consists of sensor integrated control unit, measurement unit, data processing and man- agement unit. In order to measure the physical dimension of rail profile, rail flatness and distortion, we use sixteen laser ranging sensors of the same type by applying laser triangulation measurement method, chord measurement method and coplanarity method. We adopt the limiting filtering method to eliminate measurement errors caused by the rail surface factors and the median absolute deviation filtering algorithm to eliminate the measurement errors caused by rail＇s beating movement. The result of repeatability and comparison tests show that under the condition that the rail＇s speed is within 1.5 m ·s^-1 and the Keyence IL-065 laser displacement sensor＇s acquisition frequency is 2 kHz, the system can achieve 0.2 mm dynam- ic measurement accuracy, which can meet the needs of production practice.

关 键 词：钢轨 在线测量 几何尺寸 平直度 扭曲度 

分 类 号：U213.4[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U216.3