不同氮肥群体最高生产力水稻品种的氮素吸收利用差异  

Differences of Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization in Rice Varieties with Different Productivity Levels

作　　者：霍中洋[1] 顾海永[2] 马群[1] 杨雄[1] 李敏[1] 李国业[1] 戴其根[1] 许轲[1] 魏海燕[1] 高辉[1] 芦燕[3] 张洪程[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所,广东广州510640 [3]江苏省环洪泽湖生态农业生物技术重点实验室,江苏淮安223300

出　　处：《作物学报》2012年第11期2061-2068,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30971732);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划重大项目(2011BAD16B03;2012BAD04B08);江苏省科技支撑计划项目(BE2011449);江苏省环洪泽湖生态农业生物技术重点实验室开放课题(HZHL1021);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目资助

摘　　要：选用长江中下游地区有代表性的50个早熟晚粳品种(系),设置7个氮肥水平(0、150.0、187.5、225.0、262.5、300.0、337.5kghm2),得出各品种在各个氮肥水平下出现的最高生产力及其对应施氮水平,将该最高生产力定义为氮肥群体最高生产力。在此基础上,比较研究不同氮肥群体最高生产力水稻品种间氮素吸收利用的差异。结果表明,生产力处于顶层与高层水平品种的颖花量极显著高于中层、低层品种,颖花量的增加主要表现为每穗粒数的极显著增加。各生育阶段的植株吸氮量和氮素吸收速率均随着生产力等级的增加而显著增加。4个生产力等级品种间在移栽至拔节和拔节至抽穗阶段氮素积累比例差异均不大,但随着生产力等级的增加呈减小趋势;抽穗至成熟阶段氮素积累比例随着生产力等级的增加呈显著增加趋势,顶层水平品种在抽穗至成熟阶段氮素积累比例为14.94%。氮肥表观利用率、农学利用率和生理利用率均随着生产力等级的增加而增加。初步筛选出13个集高产与氮高效于一体的品种。The field experiment was carried out using 50 early-maturing late Japonica rice varieties, adopted in the region of Yangtze River, with seven nitrogen application levels （0, 150.0, 187.5, 225.0, 262.5, 300.0, 337.5 kg ha^-1） to investigate the dif- ferences of the nitrogen absorption and utilization. We defined the highest rice yields under different nitrogen levels as the highest population productivity of N fertilization （HPPNF）. The main results indicated that the top- and high-level yielding varieties had extremely significant larger amount of population spikelets than the middle- and low-level yielding varieties, and this superiority of total spikelets was mainly due to the extremely remarkable increase of spikelets per panicle. The nitrogen content and nitrogen absorption rate in plant at jointing, heading and maturity were all significantly increased with increasing productivity level. In transplanting to jointing and jointing to heading stages, there were no significant differences in ratio of nitrogen accumulation among four productivity revers, but a trend of decrease with the increase of productivity level. In heading to maturity stages, the ratio of nitrogen accumulation was significantly increased with increasing productivity level, which was 14.94% for top-level yielding cultivars. With the productivity level increasing, the apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency, agronomic nitrogen use effi- ciency and physiological nitrogen use efficiency were significantly increased. Taking into consideration of the production capacity and the apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency of all 50 rice varieties, 13 varieties with high yield and high nitrogen efficiency were selected and recommended.

关 键 词：水稻 生产力 氮肥吸收利用 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]