补灌量对夏玉米光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响  

Effects of complementary irrigation on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in summer maize

作　　者：王策[1] 王志强[1] 张志伟[1] 林同保[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院/河南省粮食作物生理生态与遗传改良重点实验室,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2012年第6期99-106,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：农业部公益性行业科研专项(200903007)

摘　　要：以夏玉米品种郑单958、中科11、浚单20和浚单22为材料,采用池栽试验,设置不同程度水分亏缺处理,研究了补灌量对四个品种叶片光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数和产量的影响。结果表明,随补灌量减少,玉米生长受抑制,叶面积指数(LAI)降低,叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、SPAD值和光化学淬灭系数(qP)均降低,而叶片水分利用效率(LWUE)呈升高趋势,正常灌水与中度亏缺无显著差异,与重度亏缺差异显著;初始荧光(Fo)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)变化不明显。亏缺补灌下叶片光合能力和光能转化效率的降低是玉米减产的主要因素。品种间变化幅度不同,降幅小的品种受干旱影响小,抗旱性较强,四个品种抗旱性表现为:中科11>郑单958、浚单20>浚单22。由于受区域气候的影响,季节性干旱条件下适量中水补灌可起到节水稳产的作用。Pool experiment was conducted to investigate the responses of photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield of summer maize to different supplemental irrigations using four euhivars of Zheng-dan958, Zhongkel 1, Xundan20 and Xundan22 as materials. Maize growth was inhibited following the supplemental irrigations was reduced. Leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate （ Pn ）, transpiration rate （ Tr ）, stomatal conductance （Gs）, intercellular CO2 concentration （ Ci ）, chlorophyll relative content （ SPAD ） and photochemical quenching （qP） also decreased, while the leaf water use efficiency （LWUE） increased with the decreasing of irrigation. The difference between normal irrigation and moderate deficit was not significant, while that between normal irrigation and severe deficit was significant. The initial fluorescent （Fo）, PS II biggest photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm） and non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） showed insignificant changes. The results indicated that the reduction in photosynthetic capacity and light energy transfer efficiency were the main factors for the loss in yield. However, various eultivars showed different changing amplitude, the smaller changing amplitude showed less influence by drought stress and relatively stronger drought resistance. Cultivars performance on drought resistance is Zhongkell 〉 Zhengdan958 and Xundan20 〉 Xundan22. Because of regional climate effects, moderate supplementary irrigation play key roles in saving water and stabilizing production under seasonal drought condition.

关 键 词：玉米 补灌 光合作用 叶绿素荧光 产量 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程] S513[农业科学—农业工程]