有机无机配施对旱地春玉米产量及土壤水分利用的影响  

Effects of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers on the yield and water utilization of spring maize in dryland

作　　者：陈刚[1] 王璞[1] 陶洪斌[1] 张中东[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193 [2]山西省农科院玉米研究所,山西忻州034000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2012年第6期139-144,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203031)

摘　　要：通过田间试验,研究夏旱发生年份有机无机配施对旱地春玉米产量及水分利用状况的影响。结果表明,施肥处理显著提高旱地春玉米产量(1.49～2.63 t/hm2)和水分利用效率WUE(41.3%～72.3%)、降水利用效率PUE(45.7%～80.7%)。以有机无机配施的处理产量(5.89 t/hm2)和WUE〔13.15 kg/(hm2.mm)〕、PUE〔14.39 kg/(hm2.mm)〕最高。增施有机肥极显著降低了表层(0～40 cm)土壤容重,增加了土壤总孔隙度,提高了土壤的蓄水保墒能力。在夏旱发生前期,由于降雨和土壤贮水稳定,施肥处理尤其是有机肥处理能够提高表层(0～60 cm)土壤含水量,60～200 cm土层土壤含水量变化不明显。随着夏旱发生程度的加剧,0～200 cm土层含水量持续降低,各处理的表层土壤含水量无明显差异。同时,施肥处理条件下由于作物生长耗水量持续增加,对深层土壤贮水消耗增加,导致40 cm以下的土壤含水量较无肥处理下降较快。Field experiment was settled to study effects of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers on the yield and water utilization of spring maize during summer drought in dryland. The results showed that the yields were more significantly increased from 1.49 t/hm2 to 2.63 t/hm2 with the fertilizers application than the treatment without applying any fertilizer （CK）, the WUE（water use efficiency） were from 41.3% to 72.3% and the PUE（precipitation use efficiency） were from 45.7 % to 80.7 %. Furthermore, the yield （5.89 t/hm2） , WUE [ 13.15 kg/（hm2· mm） ] and PUE [ 14.39 kg/（hm2·mm）] were the highest with the combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers. The soil bulk density in 0- 40 cm soil depth decreased significantly with the organic fertilization while the soil total porosity increased. Hence, organic fertilizer effectively enhanced the capacity of water retention in the depth of 0 - 40 cm soil layer. In the early period of summer drought, the soil moisture in the depth of 0 ~ 60 cm was improved with the fertilizer application, especially the combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers because the normal precipitation and soil storage. Meanwhile, the soil moisture in the depth of 60 - 200 cm soil layer did not change obviously. The soil moisture of 0 - 200 cm soil layer decreased constantly with the summer drought intensifying and the surface soil moisture were similar among treatments. While the soil moisture in deep soil depth （40 - 200 cm） of the fertilizer treatments decreased much more than CK because of faster growing and more water consumption.

关 键 词：有机无机肥 春玉米 夏旱 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S147.34[农业科学—肥料学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]