京津水源区坡耕地土壤侵蚀特征分析  

Analysis of characteristics of soil erosion on slope land in the water source areas of Beijing and Tianjin

作　　者：赵婷[1,2] 谢永生[1,3] 江青龙[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2012年第6期227-231,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：水利部行业公益性专项项目"冀北山区生态输水小流域治理模式与关键技术"(200901051);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划重大项目"农田水土保持与持续利用关键技术研究与示范"(2011BAD31B01)

摘　　要：坡耕地是保障粮食安全与经济发展的重要资源。本文利用承德市南山径流场资料对不同坡长下径流深、含沙量及侵蚀量进行对比分析,结果显示:坡长和降雨强度都对土壤侵蚀有影响,随着坡长变化,导致土壤侵蚀量变化的两个主导因素不断变换。雨强小于0.25 mm/min时,坡面土壤侵蚀模数随坡长的增加而增大;雨强大于0.25 mm/min时,随坡长的增加先增大后减小,最大侵蚀量总是出现在22m坡长范围内。径流深均值与侵蚀量增量随坡长变化趋势一致,含沙量均值变化与雨强关系密切。所以治理京津水源区坡耕地水土流失,应在22m坡长以内采取等高植物篱等措施,既可降低工程投入,又减少坡面土壤流失,提高土地生产力。Slope land is a kind of important resource which can ensure food security and economic development. Data of Nanshan runoff plots in Chengde was used to study how slope length influenced soil erosion, sediment concentration and runoff depth in different length of plots. The results showed that both the slope length and rainfall intensity had influence on soil erosion. And the two factors changed with the slope length. When I10 was less than 0.25 mm/min, with the increase of slope length, soil erosion modulus decreased ; when I10 was more than 0.25 mm/min, with the increase of slope length, soil erosion modulus increased at first and then decreased, and reached a maximum of 22 m. The change of mean runoff depth against slope length was identical to that of the volume of soil erosion ; and the average runoff sediment was c slope hanged by rain intensity. So contour hedgerows or other measures can be used to reduce project investment and soil erosion and to improve land productivity.

关 键 词：坡长 土壤侵蚀 坡耕地 京津水源区 

分 类 号：S157.3[农业科学—土壤学]