近30年北京自然历的主要物候期、物候季节变化及归因  

Changes of main phenophases of natural calendar and phenological seasons in Beijing for the last 30 years

作　　者：仲舒颖[1] 葛全胜[1] 郑景云[1] 戴君虎[1] 王焕炯[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京10010

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2012年第12期1217-1225,共9页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41030101);国家自然科学基金(41171043)资助;中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子专题(XDA0509-0301)

摘　　要：根据中国物候观测网资料并结合气象观测数据,重新编制了北京颐和园地区1981–2010年的自然历。通过与原自然历比较,揭示了北京物候季节变化特征,分析了1963年以来物候季节变化的可能原因。研究发现:与原自然历相比,1981–2010年北京的春、夏季开始时间分别提前了2天和5天,秋、冬季开始时间分别推迟了1天和4天;夏、秋季长度分别延长了6天和3天,春、冬季长度则分别缩短了3天和6天;各个物候期的平均日期、最早日期、最晚日期在春、夏季以提前为主,在秋、冬季以推迟为主;且春、秋、冬季节内部分物候期次序也出现了不同程度的变化。春、夏、冬季开始日期前的气温变化和秋季开始日期前的日照时数变化可能是北京颐和园地区物候季节变化的主要原因;不同物种、不同物候期对气温变化的响应程度不同,导致了物候季节内各种物候现象出现的先后顺序发生变化。Aims Our objective is to reveal changes of main phenophases of natural calendar and phenological seasons and the reasons for this change. Therefore, we recompiled the natural calendar for 1981-2010 at the Summer Palace in Beijing and compared it to the natural calendar for 1963-1982. Methods Based on the phenological data from Chinese Phenology Observation Network of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the meteorological data, we compiled a natural calendar （1981-2010） with phenophases of 19 plant speices, ice freeze-up and break-up dates for Kunming Lake. Correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to examine the relationships between change ofphenological season and climatic drivers. Important findings In comparison with the original natural calendar, the first dates ofphenologieal spring and summer were advanced by two days and five days, respectively, while the first dates of autumn and winter were delayed by one day and four days, respectively. The lengths of summer and autumn were prolonged by six days and three days, while the lengths of spring and winter were shortened by three days and six days, respectively. The order of spring, autumn, winter phenophases changed with different degrees. The average, earliest, latest date of phenology showed advances mainly in spring and summer and delay in autumn and winter. Temperature change before the first date of spring, summer, winter and the sunshine duration before the first date of autumn are proba- bly the main reason for the changes of phenological season in Beijing Summer Palaee. Different responses of different species and phenophase result in change ofphenophase order in seasons.

关 键 词：北京 气候变化 自然历 物候季节 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]