钦州湾台风浪的多年一遇极值推算  

The extreme wave parameters in the Qinzhou Bay during typhoon passages

作　　者：江丽芳[1,2,3] 尹毅[1] 齐义泉[1] 张志旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]热带海洋环境国家重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所),广东广州510301 [2]中国科学院院研究生院,北京100049 [3]国家海洋局南海分局预报中心,广东广州510301

出　　处：《热带海洋学报》2012年第4期8-16,共9页Journal of Tropical Oceanography

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划("973"计划)项目(2011CB013701);国家高技术研究发展计划("863"计划)项目(2008AA09A404-3)

摘　　要：利用WAVEWATCHⅢ(WW3)和SWAN海浪模式模拟了1949—2005年间对钦州湾海域影响较大的台风浪。以模拟结果为基础,利用皮尔逊Ⅲ(P-Ⅲ)频率适线法推算了钦州湾湾外深水的累积频率波高和平均波周期(Tm)的多年一遇极值,同时模拟了其间在百年一遇高潮水位条件下的台风浪,以及在百年一遇高潮水位、百年一遇风暴潮增水共同作用下对钦州湾影响较大的台风产生的波浪场。使用P-Ⅲ法推算了在极端天气下,钦州湾湾内统计点的累积波高和平均波周期的多年一遇极值。研究结果表明,由于湾内浅滩较多,波浪在传播过程中水体底部摩擦使能量耗损明显,所以湾内波高较小,湾口处的波高大于内湾处的波高。近岸海区的波浪耗散、破碎等物理过程比较强烈,因此近岸统计点C1处的波高极值最小,其最大波高向岸边快速减弱并沿东向传播。在极端天气情况下,波浪在传播过程中发生破碎,波高衰减显著。This study uses the WAVEWATCH-Ⅲ（WW3）and SWAN to simulate typhoon waves,which have greater influence on the Qinzhou Bay,The simulations are for the period during 1949 2005.Based on the simulation,the authors the Pearson Ⅲ（P-Ⅲ） method to calculate the extreme wave parameters for return periods in deep water outside the Qinzhou Bay.They also simulate the typhoon waves that have greater influence on the Qinzhou Bay under the condition of high tide with return period of 100 years and under the condition of high tide with return period of 100 years plus storm surge with return period of 100 years in the Qinzhou Bay.The P-Ⅲ is again used to calculate the extreme wave parameters for the return periods of the statistical points in the inner Qinzhou Bay in these simulations.The result shows that because of many shallow basins in the Qinzhou Bay,the wave energy is lost significantly due to the bottom friction during the wave propagation,the wave height in the bay mouth is bigger than that in the inner Bay,The physical processes including the wave dissipation and wave transformation are more intense in the inner Qinzhou Bay.The statistical point C1is near the shore,so its wave parameter is the smallest.The maximum wave height rapidly weakens shoreward and spreads along the eastern shoreline.Under the condition of extreme weather,the ocean wave is breaking and the wave height is damped significantly during the wave propagation process.

关 键 词：钦州湾 海浪模式 皮尔逊Ⅲ(P-Ⅲ)频率适线法 多年一遇 

分 类 号：P731[天文地球—海洋科学]