法美结盟及其对美国革命成功的意义  

The Franco-American Alliance of 1778 and Its Significance in the Victory of the American Revolution

作　　者：王晓德[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学社会历史学院

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2012年第11期156-177,207,共22页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"美国对外关系史研究"(项目批准号05JJD770118)阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：法美结盟可以说是美国发展对外关系的第一个果实,从美国的所得来看,应该说是其外交的一大胜利,基本上达到了要法国公开介入战争的目的,而这一目的的实现,恰恰是把外交政策的制定基于现实利益考虑之上的结果。如果意识形态在决策过程中发挥决定性的作用,要想取得法国对美国独立事业的支持几乎是不可能的。实际上,法美结盟违背了美国为发展自己的对外关系而确定的"不卷入欧洲国家战争和纷争"这一原则,没有坚固的基础,只是美国在特殊情况下对原则的一种妥协而已。这一联盟最终走向解体,便成为1783年后美国外交发展的必然结果。The Franco-American Alliance of 1778 was,so to speak,the first achievement made by America in its development of foreign relations.It marked a great victory in American foreign policy,for it had achieved the goal of bringing France publicly into the war.The achievement of the goal was exactly a result of America formulating foreign policy on the basis of its realistic interests.If ideology had played a decisive role in the decision-making process,it would hardly have been possible for America to win the French support for its fight for independence.In fact,the FrancoAmerican Alliance of 1778 ran counter to America's principle of'keeping away from the wars and struggles of European countries,'which had been identified by America in developing its foreign relations.Since the treaty of alliance was not signed on a solid foundation,and was merely a compromise made by America under special circumstances,the splitting of the alliance was a necessary outcome of America's diplomatic development after 1783.

关 键 词：意识形态 法美结盟 美国革命 

分 类 号：D856.5[政治法律—政治学] D871.2[政治法律—外交学]