海南汉族体质特征  

Physical characteristics of Han in Hainan

作　　者：郑连斌[1] 张兴华[1] 包金萍[2] 武亚文[1] 王志博[1] 龚忱[1] 闫春燕[1] 宋瓘兰[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学生命科学学院,天津市动植物抗性重点实验室,天津300387 [2]天津师范大学体育科学学院,天津300387

出　　处：《解剖学报》2012年第6期855-863,共9页Acta Anatomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(30830062)

摘　　要：目的探讨海南城市、乡村汉族人的体质特征并分析海南汉族在蒙古人种中的分型地位。方法遵循知情同意原则,采用随机取样方法在海南琼海市和万宁市龙滚镇分别调查了城市汉族310例(男为160例,女为150例)、乡村汉族323例(男为174例,女为159例)成人的86项体质指标,计算了33项体质指数,统计了指数分型情况,与我国族群资料进行了比较,对海南汉族体质特征进行了初步分析。结果 1.海南汉族上眼睑有皱褶率高,有蒙古褶率低,眼裂高度多为窄型,多为眼外角高于眼内角,鼻根高度多为中等型,鼻背侧面观多为直型,鼻基部多为上翘型,颧骨不突出,鼻翼高度多为中等,鼻孔最大径多为斜位,鼻翼宽度多大于眼内角间宽,耳垂圆形率最高,上唇皮肤部高度多为中等型,红唇厚度薄型率、中型率接近,厚红唇率低,发色为黑色,眼色多为褐色,肤色多为黄色。2.在中国族群中,海南汉族头面部宽度值大,头较高而头长值小,头型圆,鼻既高又宽,头面部特征相对接近于北亚类型族群,但也具有一些明显的南亚类型族群的特征。3.海南汉族身体的高度接近于北亚类型族群,宽度介于北亚类型族群与南亚类型族群之间,女性宽度更接近南亚类型族群。海南汉族体部指数值多介于南亚、北亚类型族群之间,相对更接近南亚类型族群。4.与1987吴汝康等资料进行13项指标比较,头长、口裂宽、眼内角间宽、肩宽值两次调查值接近,本次调查的其余9项指标值均大于1987年调查值。结论海南汉族体质特征较接近与中国北亚类型族群,但有些指标、指数值介于南亚类型族群与北亚类型族群之间或接近于南亚类型族群。Objective To report the somatotype characteristic of urban and rural Han in Qionghai and Wanning, Hainan. Methods Eighty-six physical characteristics of 310 urban adults （ 160 males and 150 females） of Han were investigated in Qionghai of Hainan and 323 rural adults （174 males and 159 females） of Han were investigated in the town Longgun in Wanning. Thirty-three physical indices and the distributions of indices were calculated. The comparisons were made among the Han in Hainan and some other nationalities in China. The physical characteristics of Han in Hainan was analysed perliminarily. Results 1. The Hart nationality in Hainan had main characteristics largely such as： the high percentage of eye fold of the upper eyelid; the low percentage of mongoloid fold; the opening height of eyeslits was narrow type; outside corner of eye was higher than inside corner; the nasal root height was medium type; the nasal profile was straight type; the nasal base was upwarptype; zygomatic projection was lower; the height of alae nasi ismedium type; the maximal diameter of nostrils was obliquity type; the breadth of alae nasi was higher than that was between inside corner of eye ; the lobe types was round type ; the upper lip skin height was medium type ; the thickness of lips was between thin type and medium type, the thick type was rare; black hair color; brown eye color and yellow skin color. 2. Among the nationalities of China, the breadth of head and face was higher; the auricular height was high but the head length was low; the head type was round; the nose was tall and wide, the main characteristics of head and face were closer to nationalitiesof the North Asian type, while some characteristics were quite similar to nationalities of the South Asian type. 3. The stature of Hainan Han was close to the North Asian type; the breadth was between the North Asian type＇ s and the south Asian type＇ s, the breadth of female was closer to the South Asian type＇ s. The index of physical characteristics was between the N

关 键 词：海南 活体观察 活体测量 汉族 

分 类 号：Q984[生物学—人类学]