延迟焦化工艺中泡沫层形成与抑制的研究进展  

Progress of research on foam layer formation and inhibition in delayed coking process

作　　者：孙汉华 叶虹 郭凯黎 王宗贤[1] 郭爱军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)化学工程学院重质油国家重点实验室,山东省青岛市266580 [2]七台河市安全生产监督管理局,黑龙江省七台河市154600

出　　处：《炼油技术与工程》2012年第11期22-26,共5页Petroleum Refinery Engineering

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司资助项目(W2008E-1503/02)

摘　　要：介绍了焦炭塔内泡沫层的形成过程、形成机理和形成的主要原因,分析了原料性质和操作参数对泡沫层的影响,并提出了相应的抑制措施。研究表明:焦炭塔内起泡物质为重油热反应的中间产物;气泡成核作用是泡沫层形成的主要机理;焦化原料中天然的表面活性物质和反应中间产物的高黏度是形成泡沫层的内在因素;高黏度、高沥青质和含硫原料在焦化时容易产生很高的泡沫层;增大处理量、降低加热炉出口温度、降低焦炭塔塔顶压力、减小循环比都不利于降低泡沫层高度;加热炉出口变温操作和注入消泡剂是目前较为有效的泡沫层抑制措施。The forming process of the foam layer in coking drum is described, the mechanisms of the foam layer formation and the main causes of the foam layer formation are analyzed, the impacts of properties of feedstocks and operating parameters on the foam layer are discussed and the corresponding antifoaming measures are proposed. The results show that： the foaming material in the coke drum is the intermediate product from heavy oil thermal reaction ; The main mechanism of the foam formation is the bubble nucleation ; The internal cause of the foam layer formation is the natural surface-active substance present in feedstocks and the high viscosity of the intermediate products; The feedstocks with high viscosity and high content of asphaltenc and sulfur is prone to form high foam layer ; Increasing the capacity, reducing the outlet temperature of furnace and decreasing the overhead pressure of coking drum as well as the recycle ratio are not beneficial for decreasing the height of the foam layer ; The operation of altering the outlet temperature of furnace and addition of antifoaming agents are the relatively effective antifoaming methods currently.

关 键 词：延迟焦化 焦炭塔 泡沫层 原料性质 操作参数 消泡剂 

分 类 号：TE624.32[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]