人工microRNA技术研究进展  

Progress on the Artificial microRNA Research

作　　者：李英[1,2] 胡伟[1] 崔修亮[1] 王学军[1] 王升启[1] 

机构地区：[1]军事医学科学院放射与辐射医学研究所,北京100850 [2]天津中医药大学,天津300193

出　　处：《生物技术通讯》2012年第6期870-873,共4页Letters in Biotechnology

基　　金："十二五"国家科技重大专项(2012ZX10004503-011);重大新药创制专项(2012ZX09103301-044);国家杰出青年科学基金(30625041)

摘　　要：RNA干扰(RNAi)是由双链RNA触发的在mRNA水平进行的特异靶序列的基因沉默现象,广泛存在于动物、植物和病毒中,主要包括小干扰RNA(siRNA)及微小RNA(miRNA)两种作用途径。人工miRNA(amiRNA)是将天然miRNA的成熟序列替换成人工设计的靶向其他感兴趣基因的反义序列,通过天然miRNA的生成和作用途径达到RNAi的效果,具有干扰效果明显、作用迅速、毒性低等优点,拥有广阔的应用前景。我们对基于amiRNA的基因沉默技术进行了较为系统的介绍和总结,梳理了该技术的优缺点和适用范围,并展望了其进一步发展的方向和应用前景。RNA interference（RNAi） is a sequence-specific gene-silencing progress induced by double-stranded RNA at the post-transcription level. RNAi exists extensively in animals, plants and viruses, mainly including two classes of small RNA： small interfering RNA （siRNA） and microRNA （miRNA）. Artificial miRNA （amiRNA） achieves RNAi through the natural miRNA pathway and could be designed to target any gene of interest by replac- ing the mature sequence of natural miRNA, amiRNA has broad application prospects for its obvious interference ef- fect, fast-acting, and low toxicity. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of amiRNA technique were summarized and prospects for its further development and application were given.

关 键 词：RNA干扰 人工microRNA 基因治疗 

分 类 号：Q75[生物学—分子生物学]